What is the role of codons in the molecular nature of genes?

A. Facilitating replication of DNA

B. Carrying the genetic code for amino acids

C. Modifying the structure of proteins

D. Creating genetic diversity within a population

Which of the following best describes alleles?

A. Different sequences of DNA

B. Different versions of the same gene

C. Different types of proteins

D. Different genomes within a cell

What does a genome represent in an organism?

A. A single gene

B. A single chromosome

C. The complete set of genes or genetic material

D. The complete set of proteins

How do dominant and recessive alleles contribute to genetic diversity?

A. By modifying the genetic code

B. By determining the phenotype of an organism

C. By altering the structure of DNA

D. By changing the number of chromosomes

What is the primary function of genes within a cell?

A. Controlling the production of lipids

B. Controlling the production of proteins

C. Modifying the structure of the cell membrane

D. Facilitating the transport of molecules

a) Discuss the molecular nature of genes and explain how they carry the genetic code in the form of codons. [3]

b) Describe the role of genes in controlling the production of proteins, illustrating with an example. [2]

a) Explain the concept of alleles and how they represent different versions of the same gene. [3]

b) Discuss the difference between dominant and recessive alleles and their role in creating genetic diversity within a population. [2]

a) Define the term "genome" and explain its significance in the development and function of an organism. [3]

b) Discuss the importance of studying the genome in the field of genetics, highlighting its role in understanding diseases. [2]

a) Elaborate on how the sequence of codons in a gene influences the structure of the resulting protein. [3]

b) Provide an example of a structural protein and discuss its significance in organism structure. [2]

c) Explain how variations in amino acid sequence contribute to the diversity of proteins. [3]

a) Discuss the role of enzymes as biological catalysts and describe the concept of the active site. [3]

b) Explain how factors such as temperature and pH affect enzyme activity. [3]

c) Provide an example of an enzymatic reaction and its significance in metabolism. [2]