Which technique is primarily used in bioinformatics for comparing and aligning multiple sequences to identify regions of similarity?

A. Mass Spectrometry

B. Sequence Alignment

C. 2D Gel Electrophoresis

D. Data Mining

What is the primary goal of comparative genomics in bioinformatics?

A. Comparing protein structures

B. Identifying differences and similarities between the genomes of different species

C. Sequencing entire genomes

D. Predicting diseases

Which application of bioinformatics has significantly contributed to the development of personalised medicine?

A. Phylogenetic Analysis

B. Whole Genome Sequencing

C. Protein Profiling

D. Data Mining

In bioinformatics, what is the primary purpose of using databases?

A. Storing genetic information

B. Aligning sequences

C. Conducting phylogenetic analysis

D. Modifying genetic information

Which bioinformatics tool is essential for identifying evolutionary relationships among a group of species?

A. Data Mining

B. Sequence Alignment

C. Phylogenetic Analysis

D. Mass Spectrometry

a) Define the field of bioinformatics and discuss its importance in understanding biodiversity and evolutionary relationships. [3]

b) Explain how bioinformatics utilises databases and data mining in sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [4]

a) Discuss the concept of whole genome sequencing and its significance in personalised medicine and understanding disease mechanisms. [4]

b) Explain the principles of comparative genomics and functional genomics and their applications in gene therapy. [3]

a) Describe the technique of protein profiling and its significance in understanding cell function and disease mechanisms. [3]

b) Explain how mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis are used in protein profiling and their applications in disease diagnosis and drug development. [4]

a) Elaborate on how bioinformatics contributes to disease prediction and the development of personalised medicine. [3]

b) Discuss the role of sequence alignment in phylogenetic analysis and its significance in studying evolutionary relationships. [3]

c) Explain the concept of data mining and how it is applied in bioinformatics to extract meaningful information from biological databases. [3]

a) Define whole genome sequencing and discuss its applications in understanding disease mechanisms. [3]

b) Explain the principles and applications of comparative and functional genomics in gene therapy. [4]

c) Describe how bioinformatics aids in the study of biodiversity through the use of databases and phylogenetic analysis. [2]