Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription?

A. DNA Polymerase

B. RNA Polymerase

C. Helicase

D. Ligase

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

A. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

B. Forming peptide bonds between amino acids

C. Unwinding the DNA double helix

D. Adding a poly-A tail to mRNA

Which of the following modifications occurs to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

A. Addition of introns

B. Removal of exons

C. Addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail

D. Formation of peptide bonds

What is the significance of codon-anticodon pairing during translation?

A. It determines the start of transcription

B. It ensures the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain

C. It adds a poly-A tail to mRNA

D. It forms the secondary structure of proteins

Which level of protein structure involves the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?

A. Primary

B. Secondary

C. Tertiary

D. Quaternary

a) Explain the role of RNA polymerase in transcription and how promoters influence this process. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of the addition of a poly-A tail and a 5' cap to mRNA. [3]

a) Describe the role of tRNA in translation and how codon-anticodon pairing is essential for this process. [3]

b) Explain the stages of initiation, elongation, and termination in translation. [4]

a) Discuss the formation of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets in the secondary structure of proteins. [3]

b) Explain how interactions in tertiary structure contribute to the final conformation of a protein and its function. [4]

a) Describe the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin. [3]

b) Explain the importance of the antiparallel strands in the DNA double helix. [2]

c) Discuss the significance of DNA structure in information storage. [3]

a) Differentiate between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar components. [2]

b) Discuss the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis. [4]

c) Why does RNA contain uracil instead of thymine? [2]