Which of the following structures is characteristic of bacteria but not archaea?

A. Nucleoid

B. Plasmids

C. Peptidoglycan cell wall

D. Ribosomes

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

A. Nucleus

B. Mitochondria

C. Endoplasmic Reticulum

D. Golgi Apparatus

What is the primary function of lysosomes within a cell?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Intracellular digestion

C. Lipid transport

D. DNA replication

Which of the following is a key difference between Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)?

A. Sample preparation

B. Principle of operation

C. Image interpretation

D. Magnification level

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs?

A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

C. Peroxisome

D. Nucleus

a) Explain the principle of operation of a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and how it differs from a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). [4]

b) Discuss the steps involved in sample preparation for viewing under a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). [3]

a) Describe the structure and function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. [3]

b) Explain how the structure of the Golgi apparatus is related to its function. [2]

a) Highlight the main features of a nucleoid in prokaryotic cells and discuss how it differs from a nucleus in eukaryotic cells. [3]

b) Differentiate between the cell wall composition of bacteria and archaea. [2]

a) Discuss the role and significance of ribosomes in protein synthesis within the cell. [3]

b) Explain how the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is adapted to its functions. [4]

c) Compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes in the cell. [3]

a) Describe the ultrastructure of mitochondria and relate it to its role in energy production. [4]

b) Explain the significance of plasmids in bacterial cells. [2]

c) Discuss how archaea are adapted to extreme environments with reference to their cell wall composition. [4]