Which of the following is a primary source of acid rain?

A. Evaporation from oceans

B. Combustion of fossil fuels

C. Photosynthesis in plants

D. Melting of polar ice caps

What environmental damage is NOT typically caused by acid rain?

A. Deforestation

B. Ocean acidification

C. Soil nutrient depletion

D. Erosion of historical monuments

Which of the following is a strategy to reduce emissions causing acid rain?

A. Increasing the use of coal-fired power plants

B. Using catalytic converters in vehicles

C. Deforestation

D. Overfishing

Which of the following lakes would be most susceptible to the effects of acid rain?

A. A lake with a high limestone content

B. A lake in an industrial area

C. A lake in a desert region

D. A lake surrounded by dense forests

What is the primary component responsible for the acidification of rain?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Sulphur dioxide

C. Methane

D. Hydrogen

a) Explain the primary sources of acid rain and how they contribute to its formation. [3]

b) Describe one significant environmental impact of acid rain on freshwater ecosystems. [2]

a) What is the significance of the pH scale in relation to acid deposition? [2]

b) How does acid rain affect the structural integrity of buildings and monuments, especially those made of limestone? [3]

a) Describe the mechanism of buffer action in the context of soil and how it can resist changes in pH due to acid rain. [3]

b) Why is continuous acid deposition detrimental to the buffering capacity of soil? [2]

a) What are the primary gases responsible for acid deposition? [2]

b) How do these gases originate from human activities? [3]

c) Explain the term "dry deposition" in the context of acid deposition. [2]

a) Describe the relationship between acid rain and the pH level of soil. [3]

b) How can acid rain affect agricultural practices? [3]

c) Suggest a method to mitigate the effects of acid rain on agriculture. [2]