What distinguishes Darwinian evolution from Lamarckism?

A. Darwinian evolution relies on natural selection, while Lamarckism proposes the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

B. Lamarckism relies on natural selection, while Darwinian evolution proposes the survival of the weakest.

C. Darwinian evolution supports the idea of use and disuse, while Lamarckism relies on genetic mutations.

D. Both theories rely on the concept of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

A. Similarities in the base sequences of DNA or RNA across different species

B. The presence of the same species on different continents

C. The ability of different species to interbreed

D. Similarities in behaviour across different species

What is the significance of homologous structures in the context of evolution?

A. They indicate species with a common ancestor

B. They are a result of convergent evolution

C. They represent structures with identical functions

D. They are found in species with no evolutionary relationship

What is convergent evolution?

A. The process where closely related species evolve similar traits

B. When different species evolve similar traits independently due to similar environments

C. The continuous evolution of a species over a long period

D. The process where species evolve different traits while living in the same environment

What role does reproductive isolation play in speciation?

A. It prevents gene flow between populations, leading to genetic divergence

B. It increases gene flow between different species

C. It encourages mating between different species

D. It decreases genetic variation within a population

What is the primary difference between sympatric and allopatric speciation?

A. Sympatric speciation requires physical barriers, while allopatric does not

B. Allopatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation, while sympatric requires it

C. Sympatric speciation occurs in geographically overlapping populations, while allopatric occurs in geographically isolated ones

D. There is no significant difference; both require new species to occupy different niches

What is adaptive radiation?

A. The slow evolution of a single species over time

B. The rapid emergence of several species from a single species introduced to a new environment

C. The process of a single species adapting to a variety of different habitats

D. The consistent rate of evolution in a stable environment

Why are mules considered sterile hybrids?

A. They are the result of breeding between species with different chromosome numbers

B. They lack necessary reproductive organs

C. They are genetically identical to their parents

D. They are capable of producing offspring, but their offspring are infertile

What is the mechanism for abrupt speciation in plants?

A. Slow mutation rate over time

B. Hybridization and polyploidy

C. Gradual adaptation to environmental changes

D. Gene flow between distant populations

Which of the following is an example of evidence for evolution based on selective breeding?

A. The fossil record showing transitional forms

B. The variety of dog breeds existing today

C. Homologous structures in different species

D. DNA sequence similarities across species