Why is there a need for classification systems in biology?

A. To predict future species evolution

B. To create complex genetic hybrids

C. To organise and understand species diversity

D. To challenge historical scientific theories

What is a primary advantage of cladistic classification over traditional classification methods?

A. It relies solely on physical appearance

B. It incorporates the chronological appearance of species

C. It focuses on common ancestry and evolutionary branches

D. It requires fewer resources for data analysis

What is the significance of a "molecular clock" in cladistics?

A. It determines the exact age of fossils

B. It calculates the time based on mutation rates in DNA sequences

C. It physically tracks time in cellular processes

D. It synchronises circadian rhythms across species

In a cladogram, what does a "node" represent?

A. The most recently evolved species

B. A common ancestor shared by different species

C. The physical location of a species

D. The end of an evolutionary line

How has the application of cladistics affected the classification of the figwort family?

A. It confirmed the original classification was accurate

B. It led to the family being expanded to include all flowering plants

C. It resulted in the reclassification of several species based on genetic data

D. It disproved the concept of evolutionary relationships

What is the basis for the three-domain classification system?

A. Geographic distribution of species

B. rRNA base sequences

C. Dietary preferences of organisms

D. Reproductive mechanisms

What is a clade?

A. A group of species with different ancestors

B. A single species that has no evolutionary history

C. A group of species that includes an ancestor and all its descendants

D. A method of classification based on habitat