The study of religious ethics in Theory of Knowledge can be instrumental in understanding and potentially resolving contemporary ethical dilemmas, such as bioethical issues or human rights concerns. Religious ethical frameworks often provide profound insights into the nature of human life, dignity, and morality, which are central to these dilemmas. For instance, religious perspectives on the sanctity of life can contribute significantly to debates on euthanasia or abortion. However, resolving these issues solely based on religious ethics can be challenging, especially in pluralistic societies with diverse belief systems. It requires a dialogue that respects religious viewpoints while also incorporating secular ethical perspectives. This interdisciplinary approach, combining religious ethics with scientific understanding and humanistic values, is essential for addressing complex ethical issues in a balanced and inclusive manner.

The ethics taught in major world religions increasingly address environmental concerns, reflecting a growing awareness of the need for environmental stewardship. Many religions have developed ecological ethics, framing environmental conservation as a moral duty. For instance, in Christianity, the concept of stewardship over God's creation encourages the protection of the environment. Similarly, in Buddhism, the principle of non-harm (Ahimsa) extends to all living beings and the environment, promoting a respectful and sustainable interaction with nature. These religious teachings impact followers' attitudes by grounding environmental concerns in moral and spiritual values, often inspiring activism and lifestyle changes. Religious communities worldwide are increasingly recognising the environmental crisis, leading to initiatives and movements that seek to align religious practices with ecological sustainability. This shift demonstrates the significant role religious ethics can play in shaping attitudes and actions towards environmental conservation.

Religious knowledge can significantly aid the development of a personal ethical framework by providing a structured set of moral guidelines and values. These teachings offer a foundation for distinguishing right from wrong, shaping an individual's sense of morality from a young age. Moreover, the communal aspect of religious practices can reinforce these ethics through shared beliefs and rituals. However, religious knowledge can also hinder personal ethical development when it discourages critical thinking or when its teachings conflict with contemporary ethical standards. In some cases, rigid adherence to religious doctrines may prevent individuals from considering alternative moral perspectives or adapting to new ethical challenges. This highlights the need for a balanced approach, where religious ethics are integrated with personal experiences and rational deliberation to form a well-rounded ethical framework.

Different religions vary in their approach to ethical absolutism and ethical relativism. Ethical absolutism posits that certain moral principles are universally applicable, regardless of context or culture. Many religions, such as Christianity and Islam, often adhere to this view, grounding their moral teachings in divine commandments seen as universally binding. For instance, the Ten Commandments in Christianity are seen as absolute moral laws. Conversely, ethical relativism, which suggests that moral principles are relative to cultural or individual contexts, is less prevalent in traditional religious teachings but can be observed in more interpretative or liberal religious movements. For example, Hinduism, with its diverse sects and interpretations, often allows for a more relativistic understanding of ethics, accommodating varied cultural and individual practices. This spectrum between absolutism and relativism within religions highlights the complexity and diversity in how ethical principles are understood and applied.

Religious perspectives on ethics have a profound influence on legal and political systems in various cultures. In countries where a particular religion is dominant or officially recognised, religious doctrines often directly shape legal frameworks and policies. For example, Islamic Sharia law in some Muslim-majority countries is a clear instance of religion influencing legal systems, where laws are based on Islamic teachings and principles. In contrast, in secular societies, while the legal system may be separate from religious doctrines, the underlying ethical values influenced by the dominant religions can still subtly inform political decisions and social policies. For instance, Christian ethics have historically influenced the legal systems in many Western countries, even in contemporary secular contexts. The extent of this influence varies widely, depending on the degree of secularism and the diversity of religious beliefs within a society.