1. Biological Approach to Understanding Behaviour1.1 Brain & Behaviour0/01.1.1 MRI Scans1.1.2 fMRI Scans1.1.3 PET Scans1.1.4 EEG1.1.5 Brain Regions & Functions1.1.6 Localisation of Function1.1.7 Neuroplasticity1.2 Neurotransmitters & Their Effects0/01.2.1 Dopamine1.2.2 Serotonin1.2.3 Synaptic Transmission1.3 Hormones & Pheromones in Behavior0/01.3.1 Endocrine System Overview1.3.2 Adrenaline1.3.3 Oxytocin1.3.4 Pheromones in Humans1.4 Genetics & Behavioural Traits0/01.4.1 Basics of Genetics1.4.2 Twin Studies1.4.3 Genetic Mutations1.4.4 Nature vs. Nurture1.5 Animal Studies & Human Behavior Insights (HL only)0/01.5.1 Pavlov's Dogs1.5.2 Skinner's Rats1.5.3 Ethical Considerations in Animal Studies1. Biological Approach to Understanding Behaviour1.1 Brain & Behaviour0/01.1.1 MRI Scans1.1.2 fMRI Scans1.1.3 PET Scans1.1.4 EEG1.1.5 Brain Regions & Functions1.1.6 Localisation of Function1.1.7 Neuroplasticity1.2 Neurotransmitters & Their Effects0/01.2.1 Dopamine1.2.2 Serotonin1.2.3 Synaptic Transmission1.3 Hormones & Pheromones in Behavior0/01.3.1 Endocrine System Overview1.3.2 Adrenaline1.3.3 Oxytocin1.3.4 Pheromones in Humans1.4 Genetics & Behavioural Traits0/01.4.1 Basics of Genetics1.4.2 Twin Studies1.4.3 Genetic Mutations1.4.4 Nature vs. Nurture1.5 Animal Studies & Human Behavior Insights (HL only)0/01.5.1 Pavlov's Dogs1.5.2 Skinner's Rats1.5.3 Ethical Considerations in Animal Studies2. Cognitive Approach to Understanding BehaviourPremium2.1 Memory: Types & Processes0/02.1.1 Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory2.1.2 Working Memory Model2.1.3 Forgetting & Memory Decay2.2 Perception & Reality0/02.2.1 Sensory Perception2.2.2 Optical Illusions2.2.3 Cognitive Biases in Perception2.3 Decision Making & Cognitive Biases0/02.3.1 Heuristics in Decision Making2.3.2 Factors Influencing Decisions2.3.3 Problem-Solving Strategies2.4 Cognitive Development Over Lifespan0/02.4.1 Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development2.4.2 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory2.4.3 Cognitive Changes in Adulthood2.5 Role of Emotion in Cognition0/02.5.1 Emotion & Memory2.5.2 Emotions in Decision Making2.6 Digital Age & Cognitive Shifts0/02.6.1 Technology's Impact on Cognition2. Cognitive Approach to Understanding BehaviourPremium2.1 Memory: Types & Processes0/02.1.1 Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory2.1.2 Working Memory Model2.1.3 Forgetting & Memory Decay2.2 Perception & Reality0/02.2.1 Sensory Perception2.2.2 Optical Illusions2.2.3 Cognitive Biases in Perception2.3 Decision Making & Cognitive Biases0/02.3.1 Heuristics in Decision Making2.3.2 Factors Influencing Decisions2.3.3 Problem-Solving Strategies2.4 Cognitive Development Over Lifespan0/02.4.1 Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development2.4.2 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory2.4.3 Cognitive Changes in Adulthood2.5 Role of Emotion in Cognition0/02.5.1 Emotion & Memory2.5.2 Emotions in Decision Making2.6 Digital Age & Cognitive Shifts0/02.6.1 Technology's Impact on Cognition3. Sociocultural Approach to Understanding BehaviourPremium3.1 Social Identity & Group Behaviors0/03.1.1 Social Identity Theory3.1.2 Asch's Conformity Study3.1.3 Milgram's Obedience Study3.1.4 Groupthink & Polarization3.2 Cultural Influences on Cognition & Behavior0/03.2.1 Cultural Dimensions3.2.2 Enculturation & Acculturation3.2.3 Cultural Variations in Behaviour3.3 Tradition, Modernity & Behavioral Shifts0/03.3.1 Impact of Tradition on BehaviourModernity & Changing Behaviours3.4 Language's Role in Shaping Thought0/03.4.1 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis3.4.2 Bilingualism & Cognition3.5 Addressing Stereotypes & Prejudices0/03.5.1 Origins of Stereotypes3.5.2 Prejudice & Discrimination3.6 Globalization's Impact on Sociocultural Dynamics (HL only)0/03.6.1 Globalization & Cultural Identity3. Sociocultural Approach to Understanding BehaviourPremium3.1 Social Identity & Group Behaviors0/03.1.1 Social Identity Theory3.1.2 Asch's Conformity Study3.1.3 Milgram's Obedience Study3.1.4 Groupthink & Polarization3.2 Cultural Influences on Cognition & Behavior0/03.2.1 Cultural Dimensions3.2.2 Enculturation & Acculturation3.2.3 Cultural Variations in Behaviour3.3 Tradition, Modernity & Behavioral Shifts0/03.3.1 Impact of Tradition on BehaviourModernity & Changing Behaviours3.4 Language's Role in Shaping Thought0/03.4.1 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis3.4.2 Bilingualism & Cognition3.5 Addressing Stereotypes & Prejudices0/03.5.1 Origins of Stereotypes3.5.2 Prejudice & Discrimination3.6 Globalization's Impact on Sociocultural Dynamics (HL only)0/03.6.1 Globalization & Cultural Identity4. Approaches to Researching BehaviourPremium4.1 Quantitative Methods0/04.1.1 Experimental Research in Psychology4.1.2 Correlational Research4.1.3 Surveys & Questionnaires4.2 Qualitative Methods0/04.2.1 Case Studies4.2.2 Interviews4.2.3 Observational Research4.3 Research Design0/04.3.1 Formulating Hypotheses4.3.2 Variables in Research4.3.3 Sampling Techniques4.4 Ethical Considerations0/04.4.1 Informed Consent in Psychological Research4.4.2 Confidentiality & Anonymity4.4.3 Right to Withdraw4.5 Analysis & Evaluation0/04.5.1 Types of Data4.5.2 Reliability & Validity4.5.3 Recognising & Addressing Bias4. Approaches to Researching BehaviourPremium4.1 Quantitative Methods0/04.1.1 Experimental Research in Psychology4.1.2 Correlational Research4.1.3 Surveys & Questionnaires4.2 Qualitative Methods0/04.2.1 Case Studies4.2.2 Interviews4.2.3 Observational Research4.3 Research Design0/04.3.1 Formulating Hypotheses4.3.2 Variables in Research4.3.3 Sampling Techniques4.4 Ethical Considerations0/04.4.1 Informed Consent in Psychological Research4.4.2 Confidentiality & Anonymity4.4.3 Right to Withdraw4.5 Analysis & Evaluation0/04.5.1 Types of Data4.5.2 Reliability & Validity4.5.3 Recognising & Addressing Bias5. Abnormal Psychology (Option)Premium 5.1 Defining 'Normal' vs. 'Abnormal'0/05.1.1 Criteria for Abnormality5.1.2 Historical Perspectives 5.2 Major Psychological Disorders0/05.2.1 Anxiety Disorders5.2.2 Mood Disorders5.2.3 Psychotic Disorders5.3 Causes & Risk Factors0/05.3.1 Biological Factors 5.3.2 Cognitive Factors5.3.3 Sociocultural Factors5.4 Treatment Modalities & Effectiveness0/05.4.1 Psychotherapy5.4.2 Pharmacological Treatments5.4.3 Alternative Treatments5.5 Societal Views & Stigmas0/05.5.1 Origins of Stigma5.5.2 Role of Media & Pop Culture5.5.3 Advocacy & Awareness Campaigns5.6 Evolution of Diagnostic Criteria0/05.6.1 DSM & ICD Evolution5. Abnormal Psychology (Option)Premium 5.1 Defining 'Normal' vs. 'Abnormal'0/05.1.1 Criteria for Abnormality5.1.2 Historical Perspectives 5.2 Major Psychological Disorders0/05.2.1 Anxiety Disorders5.2.2 Mood Disorders5.2.3 Psychotic Disorders5.3 Causes & Risk Factors0/05.3.1 Biological Factors 5.3.2 Cognitive Factors5.3.3 Sociocultural Factors5.4 Treatment Modalities & Effectiveness0/05.4.1 Psychotherapy5.4.2 Pharmacological Treatments5.4.3 Alternative Treatments5.5 Societal Views & Stigmas0/05.5.1 Origins of Stigma5.5.2 Role of Media & Pop Culture5.5.3 Advocacy & Awareness Campaigns5.6 Evolution of Diagnostic Criteria0/05.6.1 DSM & ICD Evolution6. Developmental Psychology (Option)Premium6.1 Early Childhood Cognitive Growth0/06.1.1 Sensorimotor Stage6.1.2 Preoperational Stage6.1.3 Concrete Operational Stage6.2 Social Development Milestones0/06.2.1 Attachment Theories6.2.2 Theory of Mind6.2.3 Peer Relationships6.3 Adolescence & Identity Formation0/06.3.1 Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion6.3.2 Puberty & Physical Changes6.3.3 Moral Development6.4 Adulthood Transitions & Challenges0/06.4.1 Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation6.4.2 Midlife Crisis & Generativity6.4.3 Aging & Life Satisfaction6.5 Aging, Memory, & Cognitive Decline0/06.5.1 Memory Changes in Aging6.5.2 Alzheimer's Disease6.5.3 Coping with Cognitive Decline6.6 Role of Environment vs. Genetics0/06.6.1 Nature vs. Nurture Debate6.6.2 Genetic Influences on Development6.6.3 Environmental Influences on Development6. Developmental Psychology (Option)Premium6.1 Early Childhood Cognitive Growth0/06.1.1 Sensorimotor Stage6.1.2 Preoperational Stage6.1.3 Concrete Operational Stage6.2 Social Development Milestones0/06.2.1 Attachment Theories6.2.2 Theory of Mind6.2.3 Peer Relationships6.3 Adolescence & Identity Formation0/06.3.1 Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion6.3.2 Puberty & Physical Changes6.3.3 Moral Development6.4 Adulthood Transitions & Challenges0/06.4.1 Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation6.4.2 Midlife Crisis & Generativity6.4.3 Aging & Life Satisfaction6.5 Aging, Memory, & Cognitive Decline0/06.5.1 Memory Changes in Aging6.5.2 Alzheimer's Disease6.5.3 Coping with Cognitive Decline6.6 Role of Environment vs. Genetics0/06.6.1 Nature vs. Nurture Debate6.6.2 Genetic Influences on Development6.6.3 Environmental Influences on Development7. Health Psychology (Option)Premium7.1 Psychological Factors in Physical Health0/07.1.1 Mind-Body Connection7.1.2 Health Belief Model7.1.3 Placebo Effect7.2 Stress, Coping, & Well-being0/07.2.1 Types of Stress7.2.2 Coping Mechanisms7.2.3 Stress Reduction Techniques7.3 Health Behaviors & Change0/07.3.1 Health Promotion7.3.2 Theories of Behavior Change7.3.3 Risky Behaviors & Addictions7.4 Psychological Aspects of Chronic Illness0/07.4.1 Living with Chronic Illness7.4.2 Patient-Provider Communication7.4.3 Palliative Care & End-of-Life Issues7.5 Mind-Body Connection & Healing0/07.5.1 Psychosomatic Disorders7.5.2 Role of Positive Psychology7.5.3 Alternative & Complementary Therapies7.6 Health Promotion & Prevention Strategies0/07.6.1 Community Health Initiatives7.6.2 Health Education & Literacy7.6.3 Vaccination & Public Health7. Health Psychology (Option)Premium7.1 Psychological Factors in Physical Health0/07.1.1 Mind-Body Connection7.1.2 Health Belief Model7.1.3 Placebo Effect7.2 Stress, Coping, & Well-being0/07.2.1 Types of Stress7.2.2 Coping Mechanisms7.2.3 Stress Reduction Techniques7.3 Health Behaviors & Change0/07.3.1 Health Promotion7.3.2 Theories of Behavior Change7.3.3 Risky Behaviors & Addictions7.4 Psychological Aspects of Chronic Illness0/07.4.1 Living with Chronic Illness7.4.2 Patient-Provider Communication7.4.3 Palliative Care & End-of-Life Issues7.5 Mind-Body Connection & Healing0/07.5.1 Psychosomatic Disorders7.5.2 Role of Positive Psychology7.5.3 Alternative & Complementary Therapies7.6 Health Promotion & Prevention Strategies0/07.6.1 Community Health Initiatives7.6.2 Health Education & Literacy7.6.3 Vaccination & Public Health8. Psychology of Human Relationships (Option)Premium8.1 Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships0/08.1.1 Formation of Relationships8.1.2 Maintenance of Relationships8.1.3 Dissolution of Relationships8.2 Love, Attachment, & Relationship Stages0/08.2.1 Types of Love8.2.2 Attachment Styles8.2.3 Relationship Life Cycle8.3 Communication Patterns & Misunderstandings0/08.3.1 Effective Communication8.3.2 Conflict Resolution8.3.3 Gender Differences in Communication8.4 Social Influences on Relationships0/08.4.1 Social Exchange Theory8.4.2 Influence of Social Networks8.4.3 Cultural Influences8.5 Evolutionary Perspectives on Partner Selection0/08.5.1 Mate Selection Criteria8.5.2 Parental Investment Theory8.5.3 Jealousy & Mate Retention8. Psychology of Human Relationships (Option)Premium8.1 Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships0/08.1.1 Formation of Relationships8.1.2 Maintenance of Relationships8.1.3 Dissolution of Relationships8.2 Love, Attachment, & Relationship Stages0/08.2.1 Types of Love8.2.2 Attachment Styles8.2.3 Relationship Life Cycle8.3 Communication Patterns & Misunderstandings0/08.3.1 Effective Communication8.3.2 Conflict Resolution8.3.3 Gender Differences in Communication8.4 Social Influences on Relationships0/08.4.1 Social Exchange Theory8.4.2 Influence of Social Networks8.4.3 Cultural Influences8.5 Evolutionary Perspectives on Partner Selection0/08.5.1 Mate Selection Criteria8.5.2 Parental Investment Theory8.5.3 Jealousy & Mate Retention