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CIE A-Level Business Studies

Study Notes
1.1.1 Nature and Purpose of Business1.1.2 Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship1.1.3 Business Planning in Enterprises
1.2.1 Economic Sectors1.2.2 Types of Business Ownership
1.3.1 Business Size Measurement1.3.2 Small Business Dynamics1.3.3 Business Size and Growth: Growth Strategies
1.4.1 Objectives in Different Business Sectors1.4.2 Decision Making and Objectives
1.5.1 Identifying Stakeholders1.5.2 Stakeholder Influence and Impact
2.1.1 Purpose and Roles of Human Resource Management (HRM)2.1.2 Workforce Planning in Human Resource Management2.1.3 Recruitment and Selection2.1.4 Human Resource Management: Redundancy and Dismissal2.1.5 Morale and Welfare2.1.6 Human Resource Management (HRM): Training and Development2.1.7 Management and Workforce Relations
2.2.1 Motivation in Management and Leadership2.2.2 Human Needs2.2.3 Motivation Theories in Business2.2.4 Motivation Methods in Practice
2.3.1 Management and Managers
3.1.1 Role of Marketing3.1.2 Demand and Supply in Marketing3.1.3 Markets3.1.4 Consumer and Industrial Marketing3.1.5 Mass Marketing and Niche Marketing3.1.6 Market Segmentation3.1.7 Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM)
3.2.1 Purposes of Market Research3.2.2 Market Research: Understanding Research Types3.2.3 Sampling in Market Research3.2.4 Market Research Data
3.3.1 Elements of the Marketing Mix (4Ps)3.3.2 Product3.3.3 Product Portfolio Analysis3.3.4 Pricing Methods in Marketing3.3.5 Promotion Methods in Marketing3.3.6 Place (Channels of Distribution)
4.1.1 The Nature of Operations: The Transformational Process4.1.2 Efficiency, Effectiveness, Productivity, and Sustainability in Operations4.1.3 Capital and Labour Intensive Operations4.1.4 The Nature of Operations: Operations Methods
4.2.1 Managing Inventory4.2.2 Just in Time (JIT) Inventory Management
4.3.1 Capacity Utilisation in Business Operations4.3.2 Outsourcing in Business Operations
5.1.1 The Need for Business Finance5.1.2 Working Capital in Business
5.2.1 Business Ownership and Finance5.2.2 Internal and External Sources of Finance5.2.3 Factors Affecting Sources of Finance5.2.4 Selecting the Source of Finance
5.3.1 Cash Flow Forecasts
5.4.1 Cost Information5.4.2 Approaches to Costing5.4.3 Uses of Cost Information5.4.4 Break-even Analysis in Business Studies
5.5.1 Budgets: Meaning and Purpose5.5.2 Variances
6.1.1 Political and Legal Influences on Business Activity6.1.2 Economic Influences on Business Activity6.1.3 Social and Demographic Influences on Business Activity6.1.4 Impact of Technological Changes on Businesses and Decisions6.1.5 Impact of Competitors and Suppliers on Business Decisions6.1.6 International Influences on Business Activity6.1.7 Environmental Influences on Business Activity
6.2.1 Developing Business Strategy6.2.2 Corporate Planning and Implementation
7.1.1 Relationship Between Business Objectives and Organisational Structure7.1.2 Types of Organisational Structure7.1.3 Delegation and Accountability in Organisational Structures7.1.4 Control, Authority, and Trust in Organisational Structure7.1.5 Centralisation and Decentralisation in Business Operations7.1.6 Line and Staff Functions in Organisational Structure
7.2.1 Business Communication: Communication Purposes7.2.2 Communication Methods7.2.3 Communication Channels in Business7.2.4 Communication Barriers7.2.5 Management’s Role in Communication
7.3.1 Leadership in Business7.3.2 Leadership Theories7.3.3 Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in Business Leadership
7.4.1 HRM Strategy: HRM Approaches
8.1.1 Elasticity in Marketing Analysis8.1.2 Product Development in Business8.1.3 Sales Forecasting in Business
8.2.1 Planning the Marketing Strategy8.2.2 Approaches to Marketing Strategy8.2.3 Strategies for International Marketing
9.1.1 Location9.1.2 Scale of Operations
9.2.1 Quality Control and Assurance9.2.2 Benchmarking in Quality Management
9.3.1 Operational Decisions9.3.2 Flexibility and Innovation in Operations Strategy9.3.3 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Business9.3.4 Lean Production in Operations Strategy9.3.5 Operations Planning
10.1.1 Statement of Profit or Loss: An In-Depth Exploration10.1.2 Statement of Financial Position: Comprehensive Analysis for A-Level Business Studies10.1.3 Inventory Valuation in Financial Statements10.1.4 Depreciation
10.2.1 Liquidity Ratios: An Essential Measure in Business Finance10.2.2 Profitability Ratios in Business Analysis10.2.3 Financial Efficiency Ratios10.2.4 Gearing Ratio10.2.5 Investment Ratios in Business Analysis
10.3.1 Concept of Investment Appraisal10.3.2 Introduction to Basic Investment Appraisal Methods10.3.3 Discounted Cash Flow: Net Present Value (NPV)10.3.4 Investment Appraisal Decisions
10.4.1 Using Accounting Data for Strategy10.4.2 Accounting Data and Ratio Analysis in Strategic Decision-Making10

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