Which of the following best describes the Zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.

B. The entropy of an isolated system always increases.

C. If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

D. The energy of the universe is constant.

On which temperature scale is absolute zero equivalent to 0?

A. Celsius

B. Kelvin

C. Fahrenheit

D. Rankine

What is the primary difference between heat and temperature?

A. Heat is a form of energy, while temperature is a measure of energy.

B. Heat and temperature are the same thing.

C. Heat is a measure of energy, while temperature is the form of energy.

D. Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, while temperature is the total energy of a system.

If a substance has a high heat capacity, it means that:

A. It can store a large amount of heat without a significant change in temperature.

B. Its temperature changes rapidly when heat is added.

C. It cannot store heat.

D. It has a low boiling point.

In a calorimetry experiment, if the water in the calorimeter gains heat, the sample:

A. Gains an equal amount of heat.

B. Loses an equal amount of heat.

C. Neither gains nor loses heat.

D. Loses more heat than the water gains.

a) Define temperature in terms of molecular activity. [2]

b) A metal rod is heated at one end and left to reach thermal equilibrium. Describe the molecular interpretation of what happens to the rod during this process. [3]

a) State the Zeroth law of thermodynamics. [2]

b) If two systems, A and B, are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, but not necessarily with each other, what can be inferred about the thermal relationship between A and B? [2]

a) Differentiate between the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales in terms of their reference points. [3]

b) Convert a temperature of 100°C to Kelvin. [2]

a) Define heat capacity. [2]

b) A metal block of mass 500 g has a specific heat capacity of 0.9 J/g°C. If 450 J of heat is supplied to the block, calculate the temperature change of the block. [3]

c) How would the temperature change differ if the same amount of heat was supplied to a block of the same mass but with a specific heat capacity of 1.2 J/g°C? [2]

a) Explain the zeroth law of thermodynamics. [2]

b) If two systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, are A and B necessarily in thermal equilibrium with each other? Justify your answer. [2]

c) How does this law form the basis for temperature measurement? [3]