IB Chemistry IA: 60 Examples and Guidance (2025)

The IB Diploma programme offers a variety of assessments for students, including Internal Assessments (IAs), which are pieces of coursework marked by students’ teachers. The Chemistry IA is an assessment designed to test students' understanding of the material they have learned in their chemistry course and their ability to conduct independent research. The investigation should be a self-directed study that demonstrates the student's ability to design, execute, and evaluate a scientific investigation.

What is the IA?

The IA consists of a laboratory report that students must complete during their IB chemistry course. For assessments before May 2025, the report should be 6 to 12 pages in length and should include a research question, a methodology section, data analysis, and a conclusion. From May 2025, the report should be a maximum of 3,000 words.

What should the IA be about?

When choosing a topic for their IA, expert IB tutors recommend that the students should keep in mind that the investigation should be related to the content of the IB Chemistry course. It should also be practical, feasible, and of sufficient complexity to demonstrate their understanding of the subject matter. Some examples of topics that have been used in the past include the determination of the concentration of a substance in a solution, the effect of temperature on a chemical reaction, and the rate of a chemical reaction.

What should the IA contain?

Once a topic has been chosen, students should write a research proposal outlining their investigation. The proposal should include a clear research question, a brief literature review, a detailed methodology, and a list of the equipment and materials that will be needed. The proposal should also include a risk assessment, outlining any hazards associated with the investigation and the measures that will be taken to minimize them.

After the proposal has been approved, students can begin their investigation. They should keep a detailed laboratory notebook, including all the data they collect, any observations they make, and any calculations they perform. They should also take photographs or videos of their experiment to document the process.

Once the investigation is complete, students should analyze their data and draw conclusions. They should process their data using appropriate techniques, such as statistical analysis or graphing, and present it in a clear and concise manner. They should also evaluate their methodology and results, highlighting any limitations or uncertainties.

Finally, students should write a report, summarizing their investigation. The report should include an introduction, a method section, a results section, a discussion section, and a conclusion. The report should also include a list of references, citing any sources that were used in the research proposal or during the investigation.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Chemistry 2025 SL and IB Chemistry 2025 HL resources, developed by expert IB teachers and examiners:

📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 SL Practice Questions
📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 HL Practice Questions
📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 SL Study Notes
📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 HL Study Notes
📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 SL Past Papers
📚 View IB Chemistry 2025 HL Past Papers

How can I do well in the IA?

To prepare for the IA, students should ensure that they understand the material covered in their chemistry course and should practice writing lab reports. They should also seek feedback from their teachers on their writing skills and their understanding of the research process, and can also enlist the help of an IB Chemistry tutor.

Before starting the IA, students should also familiarize themselves with the assessment criteria and the guidelines provided by the IB. This will allow them to show their full potential and achieve the highest mark possible. Students should also make sure that their report is well-written and properly formatted, and that it includes all the required sections.

The assessment criteria include the following:

Personal engagement: Students should engage with the exploration, which can be demonstrated through independent thinking and creativity. The research question or topic should be linked to something of personal significance or interest, and the student should show initiative in implementing the investigation. (2 marks)

Exploration: Students should identify a relevant and fully-focused research question, which is explored with appropriate background information and investigated with an appropriate methodology. The student should consider the safety, ethical, or environmental issues that are relevant to the methodology. (6 marks)

Analysis: Students should demonstrate the ability to analyze data and draw conclusions. They should show that they have used appropriate techniques to process and present data, and that they have identified patterns and trends in the data. The report should include quantitative and qualitative data, which supports a detailed and valid conclusion, following appropriate data processing. (6 marks)

Evaluation: Students should demonstrate an understanding of the limitations and uncertainties of their investigation. They should critically evaluate their methodology and results, and suggest ways in which the investigation could be improved or extended. (6 marks)

Communication: The investigation should be clearly presented, with an effective structure, concise writing, and appropriate use of subject-specific terminology. (4 marks)

What are some example research questions?

Here are a few examples of potential research questions compiled by expert IB Chemistry tutors that could inspire your Chemistry IA:

1 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

Explore how varying the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects its reaction rate with magnesium. This involves measuring the volume of hydrogen gas produced over time and analysing the results to identify trends. Ensuring all other variables are controlled will enhance the reliability of the experiment.

• Independent variable: Concentration of hydrochloric acid.
• Dependent variable: Volume of hydrogen gas produced over time.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, stirring rate, and magnesium mass/size.
• Data representation: Plot reaction rates against acid concentrations to determine the relationship.

2 - Can the purity of a sample of aspirin be determined using thin-layer chromatography?

Determine the purity of an aspirin sample by separating its components with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). This method relies on the differing polarities of compounds to identify impurities and assess purity through Rf value comparison.

• Procedure: Dissolve aspirin in a solvent, spot on a TLC plate, and develop using a suitable solvent.
• Analysis: Measure Rf values and compare with reference values for pure aspirin.
• Indicators of purity: A single Rf value corresponds to pure aspirin; multiple Rf values suggest impurities.

3 - Investigating the effect of temperature on the solubility of a salt in water.

Study how temperature influences the solubility of a salt in water by preparing saturated solutions at varying temperatures and measuring the mass of salt dissolved. The results will enable the creation of a solubility curve.

• Procedure: Heat water to specific temperatures, saturate with salt, and weigh solutions.
• Controlled variables: Volume of water and type of salt.
• Data representation: Solubility curve showing temperature vs. solubility.

4 - How does the concentration of hydrochloric acid affect the reaction rate with sodium thiosulfate?

Investigate how hydrochloric acid concentration impacts its reaction rate with sodium thiosulfate. The time for the solution to turn opaque indicates the reaction rate, with trends plotted for clarity.

• Independent variable: Hydrochloric acid concentration.
• Dependent variable: Time taken for opacity to develop.
• Controlled variables: Temperature and sodium thiosulfate volume.
• Data representation: Graph showing reaction rate vs. acid concentration.

5 - Can the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction be determined using Hess's law and calorimetry?

Measure the enthalpy change of a reaction using calorimetry and apply Hess’s law for indirect calculations. This involves conducting and measuring the heat changes of individual reactions.

• Procedure: Conduct reactions in a calorimeter, recording initial and final temperatures.
• Calculations: Use heat change data to calculate individual reaction enthalpies.
• Final step: Combine enthalpy values using Hess's law to determine overall enthalpy change.

6 - Investigating the effect of different types of catalysts on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Explore how different catalysts affect the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Measure the release of oxygen gas for each catalyst and identify the most effective one. All variables except the type of catalyst must remain constant to ensure fair testing.

• Catalysts tested: Manganese dioxide, copper oxide, and iron oxide.
• Measurement: Oxygen gas volume using a gas syringe or pressure sensor.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and catalyst volume.
• Data representation: Compare rates of decomposition for different catalysts.

7 - How does the pH of a solution affect the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt?

Investigate how pH influences the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt by altering the pH of its solution. Use precise techniques like spectrophotometry to determine salt concentration and identify trends across different pH levels.

• Experimental variables: Adjust pH using acidic or basic solutions.
• Measurement techniques: Spectrophotometry or gravimetry to determine salt concentration.
• Further testing: Repeat experiments with varying salt concentrations.
• Data output: Graph solubility versus pH for analysis.

8 - Can the concentration of a solution be determined using acid-base titration?

Measure the concentration of a solution using acid-base titration. This involves reacting a known volume of the solution with a standardised acid or base and calculating its concentration based on the volume required to reach the endpoint.

• Equipment: Burette, pipette, and indicator.
• Procedure: Add standardised solution to the test solution until the endpoint is achieved.
• Analysis: Use stoichiometry to calculate the unknown concentration.
• Repetition: Conduct multiple trials for reliability.

9 - Investigating the effect of different types of surfactants on the surface tension of water.

Examine how surfactants alter water's surface tension by testing different concentrations of surfactant solutions. Use a tensiometer to measure surface tension and analyse the relationship between concentration and surface tension.

• Surfactants tested: Different types at varying concentrations.
• Measurement: Surface tension using a tensiometer.
• Controlled variables: Volume of solution and drop placement technique.
• Data representation: Graph concentration versus surface tension.

10 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid?

Study how concentration affects the reaction rate between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid. The rate is measured by observing the time for the solution to turn cloudy, indicating sulfur formation.

• Independent variable: Concentration of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid.
• Dependent variable: Time for cloudiness to develop.
• Controlled variables: Temperature and solution volume.
• Graphical analysis: Plot concentration against reaction rate for trends.

11 - Can the concentration of copper in a brass alloy be determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy?

Analyse the copper content in a brass alloy by dissolving the alloy in acid and comparing its light absorption to standard solutions using atomic absorption spectroscopy. This technique allows for precise determination of copper concentration.

• Standards: Prepare solutions with known copper concentrations for calibration.
• Procedure: Dissolve brass alloy in acid and measure absorption.
• Comparison: Match absorption of unknown to calibration curve.
• Repetition: Test multiple alloy samples for consistent results.

12 - Investigating the effect of the length of an alkane chain on its boiling point.

Investigate how the length of an alkane chain affects its boiling point by heating samples of varying chain lengths and recording the boiling temperature. Repeating the process ensures accurate data for trend analysis.

• Independent variable: Alkane chain length.
• Dependent variable: Boiling point.
• Controlled variables: Heating rate and sample size.
• Data output: Graph boiling point versus chain length.

13 - How does the pH of a solution affect the color of an indicator?

Examine the relationship between pH and indicator colour by preparing solutions of different pH values and adding a selected indicator. Record the pH at which the indicator changes colour to study its range and sensitivity.

• Indicators: Test multiple indicators for pH sensitivity.
• pH variation: Adjust using acids or bases.
• Observation: Record colour changes at each pH.
• Application: Compare effectiveness across different indicators.

14 - Can the concentration of iron in a solution be determined using spectrophotometry?

Measure the iron concentration in a solution by comparing its absorbance to a calibration curve created with standard solutions. This experiment provides an efficient method for determining unknown concentrations accurately.

• Calibration: Create a curve using standards of known iron concentration.
• Procedure: Measure absorbance of unknown solution.
• Analysis: Use calibration curve to calculate iron concentration.
• Repetition: Test multiple samples for consistency.

15 - Investigating the effect of the concentration of a solution on the rate of reaction between potassium permanganate and oxalic acid.

Study how varying the concentration of potassium permanganate affects its reaction with oxalic acid by monitoring the time for the solution’s colour to change. Identify the optimal conditions for the fastest reaction rate.

• Independent variable: Potassium permanganate concentration.
• Dependent variable: Rate of colour change.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, stirring rate, and oxalic acid concentration.
• Data representation: Plot reaction rates against concentrations.

16 - How does the presence of a common ion affect the solubility of a salt?

Investigate how the presence of a common ion influences the solubility of a salt by preparing solutions with varying common ion concentrations. Measure the undissolved salt after equilibrium to assess the solubility changes caused by the common ion.

• Preparation: Solutions with and without common ions at varying concentrations.
• Measurement: Solubility determined by residual undissolved salt.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, stirring time, and initial salt concentration.
• Analysis: Compare solubility in the presence and absence of the common ion.

17 - Can the rate constant of a chemical reaction be determined using kinetics experiments?

Calculate the rate constant for a chemical reaction by conducting experiments with varying reactant concentrations while keeping other conditions constant. Track changes in concentration over time to determine the reaction rate and derive the rate constant from the rate equation.

• Variable: Reactant concentration.
• Measurement: Monitor concentration change of reactants/products over time.
• Controlled factors: Temperature and other reactant volumes.
• Extended analysis: Study temperature effects on the rate constant.

18 - Investigating the effect of different types of acids and bases on the pH of a buffer solution.

Examine how different acids and bases impact the pH of a buffer solution. Measure the pH before and after the addition of each acid or base, and compare the buffer’s response to various types of acidic and basic compounds.

• Materials: Buffer solution, pH meter, and acids/bases of varying strengths.
• Procedure: Add acids or bases incrementally and measure pH changes.
• Comparison: Assess the impact of strong vs. weak acids and bases.
• Controlled variables: Buffer volume and initial pH.

19 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the absorbance of light by a colored compound?

Explore the relationship between solution concentration and light absorbance by preparing solutions with varying concentrations of a coloured compound. Use a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance and generate a calibration curve.

• Independent variable: Concentration of the coloured compound.
• Dependent variable: Absorbance at a specific wavelength.
• Graph: Plot absorbance vs. concentration to create a calibration curve.
• Application: Use the curve to determine unknown sample concentrations.

20 - Can the concentration of ammonia in a solution be determined using acid-base titration?

Analyse the concentration of ammonia in a solution by titrating it with a standardised acid or base. Calculate the ammonia concentration based on the volume of titrant required to reach the endpoint.

• Preparation: Standardised titrant and ammonia samples.
• Procedure: Titrate until the indicator signals the endpoint.
• Calculation: Use stoichiometry to determine ammonia concentration.
• Repetition: Perform multiple trials for reliable results.

21 - Investigating the effect of different types of buffers on the pH of a solution.

Evaluate how different buffers stabilise pH by adding a small amount of acid or base to each buffer solution and measuring the resulting pH changes. Identify which buffer resists pH change most effectively under stress conditions.

• Materials: Various buffer solutions and a pH meter.
• Procedure: Measure initial pH, add acid/base, and record pH change.
• Controlled variables: Volume of buffer and concentration of acid/base added.
• Analysis: Graph pH change for direct comparison of buffer effectiveness.

22 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction between iodine and sodium thiosulfate?

Investigate how sodium thiosulfate concentration impacts its reaction rate with iodine by timing the reaction for various concentrations. Repeat the process for reliability and graph the relationship to highlight trends.

• Independent variable: Sodium thiosulfate concentration.
• Dependent variable: Time for reaction completion.
• Controlled variables: Temperature and iodine concentration.
• Output: Graph of reaction rate vs. sodium thiosulfate concentration.

23 - Can the concentration of a metal ion in a solution be determined using complexometric titration?

Determine the concentration of metal ions in a solution via titration with a standardised chelating agent like EDTA. The endpoint of the titration indicates complete reaction, allowing for precise calculations of ion concentration.

• Chelating agent: EDTA of known concentration.
• Procedure: Titrate metal ion solution to the endpoint.
• Calculation: Use the volume of EDTA to determine ion concentration.
• Repetition: Perform multiple trials for accuracy.

24 - Investigating the effect of the length of a chain on the rate of esterification.

Examine how chain length affects esterification rate by monitoring the product formation over time. Analyse the reaction curve to determine reaction rates and compare across chain lengths for insights into their effect.

• Variable tested: Length of chains in esterification reactants.
• Measurement tools: Spectrophotometer or gas chromatography for product analysis.
• Controlled factors: Temperature, reactant concentrations, and reaction time.
• Data analysis: Plot reaction rate vs. chain length.

25 - How does the pH of a solution affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid?

Study how pH influences the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid by timing the cloudiness formation for various pH levels. Repeat for each pH to ensure accurate and reliable results.

• Independent variable: pH of the solution.
• Dependent variable: Time for solution to turn cloudy.
• Controlled variables: Sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid concentrations.
• Graphical representation: Reaction rate vs. pH for trend analysis.

26 - Can the concentration of a solution be determined using gravimetric analysis?

Gravimetric analysis involves isolating and weighing a precipitate to determine the concentration of a solution. This method is particularly useful for accurately quantifying the mass of a dissolved substance after it has been converted to a solid through a chemical reaction.

• Process: Dissolve the sample, react to form a precipitate, filter, dry, and weigh.
• Calculation: Use the precipitate’s mass to determine the solute concentration via stoichiometry.
• Controlled variables: Solvent volume, drying conditions, and reaction completeness.
• Application: Suitable for precise analysis of dissolved substances.

27 - Investigating the effect of different types of surfactants on the emulsification of oil and water.

Investigate how different surfactants stabilise oil-water emulsions by observing separation times and analysing droplet characteristics. This provides insights into the effectiveness of surfactants in forming stable emulsions.

• Variables tested: Surfactant type and concentration.
• Measurement: Stability via separation time; droplet size via microscopy.
• Controlled factors: Oil and water volumes, mixing intensity, and temperature.
• Output: Compare emulsification efficiency across surfactants.

28 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction between potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide?

Explore how varying concentrations of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide affect reaction rate by observing colour changes over time. This reaction provides a clear visual indication of the rate of reduction.

• Independent variable: Concentrations of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide.
• Dependent variable: Time for colour change.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, stirring rate, and solution volume.
• Analysis: Graph reaction rate versus concentration for both reactants.

29 - Can the concentration of sulfate ions in a solution be determined using gravimetric analysis?

Use gravimetric analysis to measure sulfate ion concentration in a solution by isolating and weighing the solid sulfate. This method provides a precise way to quantify sulfate ions through stoichiometric calculations.

• Procedure: Evaporate solution to dryness, isolate sulfate solid, and measure its mass.
• Repetition: Analyse multiple samples for consistent results.
• Controlled variables: Volume of solution and drying temperature.
• Analysis: Determine sulfate concentration as a percentage of the original sample.

30 - Investigating the effect of different types of acids and bases on the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate.

Examine how different acids and bases influence the reaction rate between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate by measuring the time for a sulphur precipitate to disappear. This provides data on how pH and chemical nature affect reaction kinetics.

• Variables tested: Types and concentrations of acids and bases.
• Observation: Time for the sulphur precipitate to vanish.
• Controlled factors: Reaction temperature, reactant concentrations, and solution volume.
• Analysis: Compare reaction rates for different acid and base groups.

31 - Investigating the effects of different types of catalysts on the rate of a chemical reaction.

Investigate how different catalysts affect the rate of a specific chemical reaction. Monitor reaction progress using techniques like spectrophotometry or gas chromatography. Results from each catalyst are compared under controlled conditions to evaluate their efficiency.

• Catalysts tested: Select multiple catalysts for comparison.
• Measurement tools: Spectrophotometry or gas chromatography.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, reactant concentration, and pressure.
• Output: Compare reaction rates to identify the most effective catalyst.

32 - How does the concentration of a reactant affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Analyse how varying the concentration of a reactant influences the rate of a chemical reaction. By tracking changes in reactant or product concentrations over time, determine the relationship between concentration and reaction rate, leading to a better understanding of the reaction’s rate law.

• Independent variable: Reactant concentration.
• Dependent variable: Reaction rate.
• Controlled factors: Temperature, pressure, and other reactant concentrations.
• Graphical output: Reaction rate versus concentration to deduce the rate law.

33 - Investigating the properties of different types of acids and bases and their behavior in different solutions.

Explore the behaviour of different acids and bases in various solutions by measuring their pH and observing their reactions. Analyse their strength, reactivity, and influence on the solution based on concentration and solubility.

• Solutions tested: Water and different acids/bases.
• Observations: Dissolution, reactivity, and pH changes.
• Variables: Acid/base strength and concentration.
• Outcome: Comparison of acid/base behaviour in various solutions.

34 - How does the temperature affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?

Examine how temperature changes affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent by preparing solutions at varying temperatures and measuring the dissolved solute. A solubility curve provides a clear visual of the relationship between temperature and solubility.

• Independent variable: Temperature.
• Dependent variable: Solubility of the solute.
• Measurement: Add solute incrementally and measure dissolved quantity.
• Data representation: Solubility curve for temperature vs. solubility.

35 - Investigating the properties of different types of polymers and their behavior in different environments.

Investigate the behaviour of various polymers under environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and UV radiation. Use tensile testing, thermal analysis, and microscopy to evaluate their performance and suitability for specific applications.

• Variables tested: Temperature, humidity, and UV exposure.
• Measurement techniques: Tensile testing, thermal analysis, and microscopy.
• Comparison: Assess polymer strength, durability, and structural changes.
• Outcome: Evaluate polymer suitability for different environments.

36 - How does the concentration of a solute affect the osmotic pressure of a solution?

Investigate how solute concentration impacts osmotic pressure by measuring solutions with varying concentrations using an osmometer. Analyse the relationship by plotting the data and comparing the results for different solutes.

• Independent variable: Solute concentration.
• Dependent variable: Osmotic pressure.
• Measurement tool: Osmometer with a semi-permeable membrane.
• Extended analysis: Repeat with various solutes to compare effects.

37 - Investigating the properties of different types of surfactants and their behavior in different solutions.

Explore the behaviour of surfactants in various solutions by evaluating their ability to reduce surface tension, form micelles, and dissolve in different solvents. Examine their stability under varying conditions to assess their effectiveness in applications like cleaning or emulsification.

• Variables tested: Surfactant type and solution composition.
• Measurements: Surface tension reduction, micelle formation, and solubility.
• Controlled factors: Temperature and concentration.
• Applications: Evaluate surfactants for cleaning and emulsifying uses.

38 - How does the temperature affect the conductivity of an electrolyte solution?

Examine how temperature influences the conductivity of an electrolyte solution by measuring conductivity at controlled temperatures. A graph of conductivity versus temperature highlights the relationship and provides insight into electrolyte behaviour.

• Independent variable: Temperature.
• Dependent variable: Conductivity of the solution.
• Equipment: Conductivity meter and temperature-controlled water bath.
• Repetition: Perform multiple trials for consistent results.

39 - Investigating the properties of different types of metal alloys and their behavior under different conditions.

Analyse the behaviour of different metal alloys under changing conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and chemical exposure. Evaluate their strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance using advanced testing equipment to determine their suitability for various applications.

• Conditions tested: Temperature, pressure, and chemical exposure.
• Measurements: Tensile strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance.
• Equipment: Tensile tester and corrosion apparatus.
• Outcome: Compare alloys for application-specific optimisation.

40 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the boiling and freezing points of the solvent?

Investigate how solution concentration affects boiling and freezing points by preparing solutions of varying concentrations and measuring their boiling and freezing points. A graph of the results reveals the relationship between concentration and these physical properties.

• Independent variable: Solution concentration.
• Dependent variables: Boiling and freezing points.
• Controlled variables: Pressure and solution volume.
• Output: Graph concentration versus boiling/freezing points for trend analysis.

41 - Investigating the properties of different types of gas laws and their behavior under different conditions.

Explore how gases such as helium, nitrogen, and oxygen behave under different temperatures and pressures. Measure properties like volume and pressure changes to develop mathematical models, including the ideal gas law, that explain their behaviour.

• Gases tested: Helium, nitrogen, and oxygen.
• Measurements: Pressure, volume, and temperature using gauges and thermometers.
• Controlled variables: Temperature or pressure (depending on the parameter tested).
• Output: Mathematical relationships and validation of gas laws.

42 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of diffusion and effusion?

Investigate how concentration impacts diffusion and effusion rates by tracking the movement of a dye or gas across a semi-permeable membrane. Compare rates across solutions of varying concentrations to identify trends in molecular movement.

• Measurement tools: Diffusion/effusion apparatus and dye or gas tracer.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, pressure, and membrane properties.
• Analysis: Rate comparison across different concentrations.
• Graphical output: Concentration vs. diffusion/effusion rate.

43 - Investigating the properties of different types of nuclear reactions and their behavior under different conditions.

Analyse the behaviour of nuclear reactions, including fission and fusion, under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and reactant concentration. Study factors such as energy release, reaction rate, and byproducts to gain insights into their mechanisms and applications.

• Reactions studied: Fission and fusion.
• Measurements: Energy output, reaction rate, and byproduct analysis.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, pressure, and reactant composition.
• Applications: Improved understanding for energy production or scientific applications.

44 - How does the temperature affect the viscosity of a liquid?

Investigate how temperature affects a liquid's viscosity by timing its flow through a viscometer at different temperatures. Plot the results to identify the relationship between temperature and viscosity, providing insights into its physical properties and optimal usage.

• Equipment: Viscometer and temperature control apparatus (e.g., water bath).
• Independent variable: Liquid temperature.
• Dependent variable: Viscosity (time for flow).
• Output: Graph showing viscosity changes with temperature.

45 - Investigating the properties of different types of organic compounds and their behavior under different conditions.

Study the properties of organic compounds by examining their solubility, reactivity, and thermal behaviour under different conditions. This comprehensive approach provides valuable data on their potential applications in fields like medicine, agriculture, and materials science.

• Variables tested: Solubility, reactivity, melting/boiling points.
• Conditions altered: Solvent type, temperature, and pressure.
• Measurements: Observations of chemical and physical changes.
• Applications: Insights into compound behaviour for real-world applications.

46 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the pH of the solution?

Examine how the concentration of an acidic or basic solution influences its pH. Measure the pH of solutions with varying concentrations using a pH meter or indicator paper. Analyse the data to establish the relationship between concentration and pH, and visualise the trend through a graph.

• Independent variable: Concentration of the acid/base.
• Dependent variable: pH of the solution.
• Equipment: pH meter or indicator paper.
• Graphical analysis: Plot pH versus concentration to observe trends.

47 - Investigating the properties of different types of electrochemical cells and their behavior under different conditions.

Investigate the behaviour of electrochemical cells by varying factors such as electrode materials, electrolyte concentration, and temperature. Measure voltage and current to evaluate cell efficiency and calculate cell potentials under different conditions.

• Variables tested: Electrode type, electrolyte concentration, and temperature.
• Measurements: Voltage, current, and reaction rates.
• Equipment: Electrochemical cells, multimeter, and temperature control apparatus.
• Output: Compare cell efficiency and potential across conditions.

48 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the color and absorption spectrum of a chromophore?

Study how the concentration of a chromophore impacts its colour and absorption spectrum by preparing solutions of varying concentrations. Use a spectrophotometer to measure absorption spectra and visual observations to assess colour intensity, then model the relationship mathematically.

• Independent variable: Chromophore concentration.
• Measurements: Absorption spectra and visual colour intensity.
• Equipment: Spectrophotometer and calibrated light source.
• Analysis: Mathematical modelling of absorption spectrum vs. concentration.

49 - Investigating the properties of different types of covalent compounds and their behavior under different conditions.

Explore how covalent compounds respond to changes in temperature, pressure, and pH. Test their solubility, reactivity, and state changes using advanced techniques like spectroscopy and chromatography, and analyse the results to uncover potential applications.

• Variables tested: Temperature, pressure, and pH.
• Measurements: Solubility, state changes, and reactivity.
• Equipment: Spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry tools.
• Applications: Insights into covalent compounds for industrial or scientific use.

50 - How does the temperature affect the rate of diffusion and effusion?

Analyse the effect of temperature on the rates of gas diffusion and effusion by measuring the time taken for gas to pass through a small opening at varying temperatures. Use a water bath to control temperature and calculate rates based on observed timings.

• Independent variable: Temperature of the gas environment.
• Dependent variable: Rate of diffusion or effusion.
• Equipment: Diffusion/effusion apparatus and water bath.
• Graphical representation: Plot rate vs. temperature to identify trends.

51 - Investigating the properties of different types of intermolecular forces and their behavior under different conditions.

Investigate how substances with varying intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces, behave under different conditions. Test their responses to changes in temperature and pressure, and analyse how these forces influence their physical properties.

• Forces tested: Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London dispersion.
• Variables altered: Temperature and pressure.
• Observations: Changes in boiling points, melting points, or solubility.
• Outcome: Compare effects of different intermolecular forces on substance behaviour.

52 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of an acid-base titration?

Examine how solution concentration impacts the rate of an acid-base titration by titrating solutions of varying concentrations to their endpoints. Measure the time required for each titration and analyse trends.

• Independent variable: Concentration of the solution being tested.
• Dependent variable: Time to reach the titration endpoint.
• Controlled factors: Volume of solution, strength of standardised titrant, and indicator.
• Graphical analysis: Rate vs. concentration trends.

53 - Investigating the properties of different types of coordination compounds and their behavior under different conditions.

Explore the behaviour of coordination compounds under changes in temperature, pH, and concentration. Analyse their properties, such as colour, solubility, and stability, to gain insights into their chemical behaviour and potential applications.

• Variables tested: Temperature, pH, and concentration.
• Measurements: Colour changes, solubility levels, and stability.
• Techniques: Spectroscopy and solubility tests.
• Applications: Evaluate for uses in medicine and materials science.

54 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction?

Determine how reactant or product concentrations affect the equilibrium constant of a reaction. Conduct experiments to calculate the equilibrium constant at different starting concentrations and graph the results to visualise the relationship.

• Independent variable: Initial concentration of reactants.
• Dependent variable: Calculated equilibrium constant.
• Controlled variables: Temperature, pressure, and reaction time.
• Output: Equilibrium constant vs. concentration graph.

55 - Investigating the properties of different types of chromatography and their behavior in different separation techniques.

Compare the effectiveness of different chromatography methods—paper, thin-layer, and gas chromatography—by separating mixtures under varying experimental conditions. Analyse the separation quality to determine the most suitable technique for specific types of mixtures.

• Techniques tested: Paper, thin-layer, and gas chromatography.
• Variables altered: Solvent type, stationary phase, and temperature.
• Measurements: Separation quality, Rf values, or retention times.
• Outcome: Identify the optimal chromatography method for different separations.

56 - How does the temperature affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction?

Investigate how temperature influences the activation energy of a chemical reaction by measuring the reaction rates at various temperatures. Apply the Arrhenius equation to calculate the activation energy and analyse the relationship between temperature and reaction rate through a graph.

• Independent variable: Temperature.
• Dependent variable: Reaction rate.
• Calculation: Use the Arrhenius equation to determine activation energy.
• Graphical output: Relationship between temperature and activation energy.

57 - Investigating the properties of different types of solid-state materials and their behavior under different conditions.

Explore the behaviour of metals, ceramics, and polymers under changing conditions such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. Measure properties like elasticity, conductivity, and thermal expansion to identify material suitability for specific applications.

• Materials tested: Metals, ceramics, and polymers.
• Measurements: Strength, elasticity, conductivity, and thermal expansion.
• Conditions altered: Temperature, pressure, and humidity.
• Applications: Identify materials for industrial or engineering purposes.

58 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of a redox reaction?

Examine how varying the concentration of a solution affects the rate of a redox reaction. Monitor the reaction using colour change or pH measurement and calculate the rate of reaction based on changes in absorbance or pH over time.

• Independent variable: Solution concentration.
• Dependent variable: Rate of the redox reaction.
• Measurement techniques: Colourimetry or pH monitoring.
• Controlled factors: Temperature, reactant volume, and stirring rate.

59 - Investigating the properties of different types of nanomaterials and their behavior under different conditions.

Investigate the properties of nanomaterials with varying size, shape, and composition under conditions such as temperature, pressure, and chemical exposure. Analyse their conductivity, reactivity, and strength to identify optimal conditions and potential applications.

• Variables tested: Size, shape, and composition of nanomaterials.
• Conditions altered: Temperature, pressure, and chemical environment.
• Measurements: Conductivity, strength, and reactivity.
• Techniques: Microscopy, spectroscopy, and mechanical testing.

60 - How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of a precipitation reaction?

Determine how reactant concentration impacts the rate of a precipitation reaction by measuring the time to precipitate formation or the amount of precipitate formed. Analyse trends to understand the relationship between concentration and reaction rate.

• Independent variable: Reactant concentration.
• Dependent variable: Rate of precipitation.
• Measurement methods: Time to formation or mass of precipitate.
• Controlled variables: Temperature and stirring rate.

Remember to come up with your own original IA topic and check it with your teacher. It should be practical to conduct and relevant to the syllabus. This is a great opportunity to develop your personal interests, while advancing your knowledge of the chemistry curriculum. Online tutors agree that this list is quite extensive and can help IB students a lot with their IB Chemistry IA.

TutorChase's IB Chemistry Study Notes, IB Past Papers and IB Chemistry Questions are the perfect resource for students who want to get a 7 in their IB Chemistry exams and also prepare for the internal assessment. They are completely free, cover all topics in depth, and are structured by topic so you can easily keep track of your progress.

How is the IA graded?

The IA is worth 20% of the final grade for the IB chemistry course, whether you are studying at Higher or at Standard Level. This applies for assessments both before and after May 2025. It is graded by the student’s teacher, who is trained and certified by the International Baccalaureate organization. The report is then sent to a moderator, who will check that the report adheres to the IB guidelines and that the grade awarded is appropriate.

Source: IB Chemistry Subject Brief, pre-May 2025

Conclusion

In summary, the IA in the IB is an opportunity for students to demonstrate their understanding of the chemistry curriculum, as well as their ability to conduct independent research. It consists of a laboratory report and a reflective statement, and is worth 20% of the final grade for the course. To prepare for the assessment, students should ensure that they understand the material covered in their IB chemistry course, practice writing lab reports, review their IB Chemistry Q&A Revision Notes, and seek feedback from their teachers or tutors.