Why is ultraviolet radiation harmful to skin?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to skin because it can damage skin cells and lead to skin cancer.

Ultraviolet radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun and some artificial sources like tanning beds. It is more energetic than visible light, which means it has the potential to cause more damage. There are three types of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC is the most dangerous, but it is completely absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and does not reach the surface. However, UVA and UVB can both reach the Earth's surface and pose a risk to our skin.

When UV radiation hits the skin, it can damage the DNA in our skin cells. This damage can cause mutations in the DNA, which can lead to the cells growing out of control and forming a cancerous tumour. This is why prolonged exposure to UV radiation is a major risk factor for developing skin cancer, including melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer.

UV radiation can also cause other types of skin damage. It can lead to premature ageing of the skin, causing it to become wrinkled and leathery. It can also cause sunburn, which is a painful inflammation of the skin caused by UVB radiation. In addition, UV radiation can harm the eyes, leading to conditions like cataracts.

It's important to protect your skin from UV radiation by wearing sunscreen, covering up with clothing, and seeking shade during the hottest parts of the day. Remember, UV radiation can still cause damage on cloudy days, so it's important to take precautions even when the sun isn't shining brightly.