What are the common instruments for volume measurement in liquids?

Common instruments for volume measurement in liquids include beakers, measuring cylinders, pipettes, burettes, and volumetric flasks.

Beakers are the simplest and most common instrument used in a laboratory to measure the volume of liquids. They come in various sizes and are marked with lines to indicate volume. However, they are not very accurate due to the wide opening at the top which can lead to spillage or evaporation.

Measuring cylinders, also known as graduated cylinders, are more accurate than beakers. They are tall, narrow containers with a spout for easy pouring. The sides are marked with lines to indicate volume. The accuracy of a measuring cylinder depends on its size and the precision of the markings.

Pipettes are used for more precise measurements. They are long, thin tubes with a bulb in the middle. The user sucks up the liquid into the bulb, and then releases it drop by drop. The volume of liquid is determined by counting the number of drops. Pipettes can be very accurate, but they are also more difficult to use than beakers or measuring cylinders.

Burettes are similar to pipettes, but they are designed to measure the volume of liquid that has been dispensed, rather than the volume of liquid that is sucked up. They are often used in titrations, where a precise volume of one liquid is added to another.

Volumetric flasks are used for very precise measurements. They are flat-bottomed flasks with a long neck. The neck is marked with a single line to indicate a specific volume. The user fills the flask to this line to measure the volume. Volumetric flasks are very accurate, but they can only measure one specific volume.