How does temperature affect the behaviour of gas particles?

Temperature affects the behaviour of gas particles by increasing their speed and kinetic energy when the temperature rises.

In more detail, the behaviour of gas particles is governed by the kinetic theory of gases. This theory states that gas particles are in constant, random motion and that the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Therefore, when the temperature of a gas increases, the average speed of its particles also increases, leading to a rise in their kinetic energy.

The increased speed of the particles means they collide with each other and the walls of their container more frequently and with greater force. This results in an increase in pressure if the gas is kept at a constant volume. If the gas is not confined to a fixed volume, the increased speed of the particles will cause the gas to expand. This is because the particles will move further apart from each other, trying to utilise the increased energy they have gained from the rise in temperature.

In contrast, if the temperature of the gas decreases, the average speed and kinetic energy of the particles will also decrease. The particles will move slower and collide less frequently and with less force. This results in a decrease in pressure or a contraction of the gas if it is not confined to a fixed volume.

In summary, temperature plays a crucial role in determining the speed, kinetic energy, and ultimately the behaviour of gas particles. It's important to remember that these changes in behaviour due to temperature are based on averages, as the speed and kinetic energy of individual particles in a gas can vary widely.