How does current flow in a closed circuit?

Current flows in a closed circuit from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power source.

In a closed circuit, the electric current flows due to the movement of electric charges. This movement is initiated by the power source, such as a battery or a generator, which creates a potential difference or voltage across the circuit. The positive terminal of the power source has a higher electric potential than the negative terminal. This difference in potential energy causes the electric charges, or electrons, to move from the area of higher potential (positive terminal) to the area of lower potential (negative terminal).

The flow of current in a circuit is also influenced by the presence of components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These components can either impede or store the flow of current, thereby affecting the overall current in the circuit. For instance, a resistor will reduce the current flow by converting some of the electrical energy into heat energy.

It's important to note that while electrons physically move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, the conventional direction of current flow is considered to be from positive to negative. This convention was established before the discovery of electrons and their negative charge, and it has been maintained for consistency in scientific and engineering practices.

In summary, current in a closed circuit flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power source due to the potential difference created by the power source. The flow of current is also influenced by the components present in the circuit.