How do particle distances vary in different states of matter?

Particle distances vary in different states of matter, being closest in solids, further apart in liquids, and farthest in gases.

In solids, particles are tightly packed together in a fixed, regular arrangement. This close proximity results in strong intermolecular forces, which keep the particles in a fixed position. They can only vibrate about their fixed points, but cannot move freely. This is why solids have a definite shape and volume. The particles in solids are so close together that there is virtually no space between them.

In liquids, the particles are not as closely packed as in solids. They are still close together, but they have more freedom to move around. This is because the intermolecular forces in liquids are weaker than in solids, allowing the particles to slide past each other. This is why liquids can flow and take the shape of their container, but still have a definite volume. The particles in liquids are close together, but there is some space between them, allowing for some movement.

In gases, the particles are very far apart compared to solids and liquids. The intermolecular forces in gases are very weak, or in some cases, virtually non-existent. This allows the particles to move freely in all directions. This is why gases can expand to fill their container, taking both the shape and volume of their container. The particles in gases are far apart, with a lot of space between them, allowing for free movement.

In summary, the distance between particles varies greatly in different states of matter. It is determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces, which in turn is influenced by the energy of the particles. The more energy the particles have, the more they can overcome the intermolecular forces, and the further apart they can be.