How do forces create a turning effect?

Forces create a turning effect by acting at a distance from a pivot point, resulting in a moment or torque.

In more detail, the turning effect of a force, also known as the moment or torque, is determined by two factors: the magnitude of the force and the distance from the pivot point at which the force is applied. The pivot point, also known as the fulcrum, is the point around which an object turns or rotates.

The moment of a force is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the perpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force. This is often expressed in the formula: moment = force x distance. The unit of moment is the Newton meter (Nm).

If the force is applied directly through the pivot point, there is no turning effect because the distance is zero. However, if the force is applied at a distance from the pivot point, a turning effect is created. The greater the distance from the pivot point, the greater the turning effect. This is why door handles are placed far from the hinges - it maximises the turning effect of the force you apply, making the door easier to open.

Similarly, the larger the force applied, the greater the turning effect. This is why it's easier to turn a screw with a larger screwdriver - the larger handle allows you to apply a greater force.

In summary, forces create a turning effect when they are applied at a distance from a pivot point. The size of this turning effect, or moment, is determined by both the size of the force and the distance from the pivot.