How can density be determined using water displacement?

Density can be determined using water displacement by measuring the volume of water displaced by an object.

The method of water displacement is a practical and straightforward way to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object, which is essential in determining its density. Density is defined as mass per unit volume, so to calculate it, you need to know both the mass and volume of the object.

Firstly, you need to measure the mass of the object using a balance or scale. This is a straightforward process and should give you a precise mass measurement in grams or kilograms.

Next, you need to measure the volume of the object using water displacement. To do this, fill a graduated cylinder or overflow can with water to a certain level and note this initial volume. Then, carefully lower the object into the water. The object will displace an amount of water equal to its volume. Note the new water level. The difference between the initial and final water levels is the volume of the object.

Finally, you can calculate the density of the object by dividing its mass by its volume. The result will be the density of the object, typically expressed in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³).

This method is particularly useful for determining the density of irregularly shaped objects or materials that are difficult to measure in other ways. However, it's important to remember that this method assumes the object does not absorb water and is denser than water, so it sinks rather than floats. If the object floats, a different method will need to be used to determine its density.