What are the key physical properties of metals?

The key physical properties of metals include high melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity.

Metals are known for their high melting and boiling points. This is due to the strong metallic bonds that hold the atoms together in a metal lattice structure. The strength of these bonds varies between different metals, which is why some metals, like tungsten, have a much higher melting point than others, like lead.

Another key property of metals is their malleability. This means they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. This is again due to the metallic bonding. The layers of atoms in a metal can slide over each other, allowing the metal to change shape without cracking or breaking. This property is what makes metals so useful in manufacturing and construction.

Ductility is another important property of metals. This refers to their ability to be drawn out into a thin wire. Like malleability, this is due to the ability of the atoms in a metal to slide over each other. This property is particularly important in the production of wires for electrical circuits and cables.

Finally, metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. This is because of the 'sea of electrons' that exists in metals. These are delocalised electrons that are free to move throughout the metal lattice, carrying heat or electrical charge with them. This is why metals are often used in cooking utensils and electrical wiring.

In summary, the key physical properties of metals - high melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity - are all due to the unique structure and bonding of metals. These properties make metals incredibly useful in a wide range of applications.