What are practical applications of electrolysis?

Electrolysis has practical applications in industries like metal plating, water treatment, and the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

Electrolysis is a fundamental process in many industries. One of the most common applications is in the field of metal plating. This involves the deposition of a layer of metal onto a surface to provide a protective or decorative coating. For example, silver plating is often used in the manufacture of jewellery and cutlery. The object to be plated is made the cathode in an electrolytic cell, and the metal ions are reduced and deposited onto the object.

Another significant application of electrolysis is in the treatment of water. Electrolysis can be used to purify water by breaking down pollutants and harmful substances. This is particularly useful in areas where clean drinking water is scarce. The process can also be used to produce chlorine, which is used to disinfect water supplies.

In the chemical industry, electrolysis is used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide. This is done by the electrolysis of brine, a solution of common salt (sodium chloride) in water. The chlorine produced is used in the manufacture of bleach and PVC, while the sodium hydroxide is used in the production of soap, paper, and aluminium.

Electrolysis is also used in the extraction of metals from their ores. For example, aluminium is extracted from its ore (bauxite) using electrolysis. The ore is first treated to produce aluminium oxide, which is then dissolved in molten cryolite and electrolysed to produce aluminium.

In summary, electrolysis has a wide range of practical applications, from metal plating and water treatment to the production of important chemicals and the extraction of metals. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a crucial process in many areas of industry.