What are examples of simple molecular structures?

Examples of simple molecular structures include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3).

Simple molecular structures are those that consist of a small number of atoms bonded together. They are typically non-metals and are held together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Water (H2O) is a simple molecular structure consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. The molecule has a bent shape due to the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom, which repel the bonds holding the hydrogen atoms.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is another example of a simple molecular structure. It consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. The carbon atom forms double covalent bonds with each oxygen atom, resulting in a linear molecule.

Methane (CH4) is a simple molecular structure made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The carbon atom forms single covalent bonds with each hydrogen atom, creating a tetrahedral shape.

Ammonia (NH3) is a simple molecular structure that consists of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom forms single covalent bonds with each hydrogen atom, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal shape due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

These are just a few examples of simple molecular structures. Understanding these structures is crucial in chemistry as it helps to predict the properties of these substances, such as their boiling and melting points, their solubility in water, and their electrical conductivity.