What are common impurities found in natural water sources?

Common impurities found in natural water sources include microorganisms, minerals, gases, and human-made pollutants.

Natural water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater, often contain a variety of impurities. These impurities can be broadly categorised into four groups: microorganisms, minerals, gases, and human-made pollutants.

Microorganisms are a common impurity in natural water sources. These include bacteria, viruses, and other microscopic life forms. Some of these can cause diseases if the water is consumed without proper treatment. For example, bacteria like E.coli and Salmonella can cause gastrointestinal illnesses.

Minerals are another common impurity. These are naturally occurring substances found in the earth's crust. When water flows over or through the ground, it can pick up these minerals. Common minerals found in water include calcium, magnesium, and iron. These minerals can affect the taste, smell, and appearance of the water. They can also cause problems in plumbing and appliances by causing scale build-up.

Gases are also found in natural water sources. These can include oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The presence of these gases can affect the taste and smell of the water. For example, water with a high concentration of carbon dioxide can taste sour.

Finally, human-made pollutants are a significant source of impurities in natural water sources. These can include chemicals from industrial processes, agricultural runoff, and waste from homes and businesses. These pollutants can include heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. These substances can be harmful to both humans and the environment.

In conclusion, natural water sources often contain a variety of impurities. These can include microorganisms, minerals, gases, and human-made pollutants. It's important to understand these impurities and how they can affect the quality of the water.