How do synthetic polymers differ from natural polymers?

Synthetic polymers are man-made, while natural polymers occur naturally in the environment.

Synthetic polymers and natural polymers are both long-chain molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. However, the key difference between them lies in their origin. Synthetic polymers, as the name suggests, are artificially created by humans in laboratories or industrial settings. They are often designed to have specific properties for particular uses. On the other hand, natural polymers are found in nature and are produced by living organisms.

Synthetic polymers include materials like plastics, synthetic fibres, and synthetic rubber. These are created through a process called polymerisation, where monomers are chemically bonded together. The properties of synthetic polymers, such as their strength, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals, can be controlled during this process. This makes them highly versatile and widely used in a range of applications, from packaging and clothing to car parts and electronics.

Natural polymers, meanwhile, include substances like proteins, DNA, cellulose, and natural rubber. These are produced by plants and animals as part of their normal biological processes. For example, proteins are polymers of amino acids that are essential for life, while cellulose is a polymer of glucose that forms the structural component of plant cell walls. Natural polymers tend to be biodegradable, meaning they can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment. However, they may not have the same level of durability or versatility as synthetic polymers.

In summary, while both synthetic and natural polymers are made up of repeating monomer units, they differ in their origin and properties. Synthetic polymers are man-made and can be designed for specific uses, while natural polymers are produced by living organisms and are typically biodegradable.