How do copolymers differ from homopolymers?

Copolymers differ from homopolymers as they are made from two or more different types of monomers.

In more detail, polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits known as monomers. When a polymer is made up of only one type of monomer, it is referred to as a homopolymer. Examples of homopolymers include polyethylene and polystyrene, which are made from ethylene and styrene monomers respectively.

On the other hand, when a polymer is made from two or more different types of monomers, it is known as a copolymer. The monomers in a copolymer can be arranged in a variety of ways, such as alternating, random, block or graft. This gives copolymers a wide range of properties, making them suitable for a variety of applications. For instance, styrene-butadiene rubber, a type of copolymer, is used in car tyres due to its excellent abrasion resistance and flexibility.

The properties of copolymers can be tailored by changing the types and proportions of monomers used. This makes them more versatile than homopolymers, which have fixed properties based on their single type of monomer. For example, the hardness, flexibility, transparency, and resistance to heat and chemicals of a copolymer can be adjusted to meet specific requirements.

In summary, while homopolymers are made from a single type of monomer and have fixed properties, copolymers are made from two or more different types of monomers and have adjustable properties. This makes copolymers more versatile and suitable for a wider range of applications than homopolymers.