How are oxides used in ceramics and glass-making?

Oxides are used in ceramics and glass-making as primary ingredients to provide structure and colour.

In the world of ceramics and glass-making, oxides play a crucial role. They are the primary ingredients that give the materials their unique properties. The most common oxide used is silica (silicon dioxide), which forms the basic structure of most types of glass and ceramics. Silica has a high melting point and when it cools, it forms a rigid structure, making it ideal for creating durable and heat-resistant products.

Other oxides are also used to modify the properties of the final product. For example, alumina (aluminium oxide) is often added to increase the hardness and strength of ceramics, while boric oxide can lower the melting point of glass, making it easier to work with.

Oxides are also responsible for the wide range of colours seen in ceramics and glass. Transition metal oxides, such as iron oxide and copper oxide, can produce a variety of colours when they are heated in a kiln. For example, cobalt oxide can produce a deep blue colour, while chromium oxide can create green. The specific colour produced can be controlled by adjusting the firing conditions and the concentration of the oxide.

In addition, some oxides can also improve the thermal and electrical properties of ceramics and glass. For instance, adding titanium oxide can increase the refractive index of glass, making it more reflective. Meanwhile, zirconium oxide can increase the thermal stability of ceramics, making them more resistant to heat and thermal shock.

In summary, oxides are essential in ceramics and glass-making. They provide the basic structure, modify the properties, and give colour to the final products. Without them, we wouldn't have the diverse range of ceramics and glass products that we see today.