What role do spindle fibers play in mitosis?

Spindle fibres play a crucial role in mitosis by separating the chromosomes into two identical sets.

Spindle fibres, also known as spindle microtubules, are key components of the cell division process, specifically during mitosis. They are part of the cell's cytoskeleton, a network of fibres within the cell that helps maintain its shape and structure. During mitosis, the spindle fibres form a structure known as the mitotic spindle.

The mitotic spindle is essential for the correct division of chromosomes. When a cell prepares to divide, it first duplicates its chromosomes, resulting in two identical copies, or sister chromatids, joined at a point called the centromere. The spindle fibres attach to these centromeres and help to align the chromosomes at the cell's equator, a stage known as metaphase.

Once all the chromosomes are properly aligned, the spindle fibres contract, pulling the sister chromatids apart. Each set of chromosomes is then moved to opposite ends of the cell, a phase known as anaphase. This ensures that each new daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Without spindle fibres, the chromosomes would not be able to move to their correct locations during cell division. This could result in daughter cells with an incorrect number of chromosomes, a condition known as aneuploidy, which can lead to various genetic disorders. Therefore, the role of spindle fibres in mitosis is absolutely vital for the accurate division and distribution of genetic material.