What is the role of the umbilical cord?

The umbilical cord serves as a lifeline between the mother and the foetus, supplying nutrients and removing waste.

The umbilical cord is a crucial component of a foetus's life support system during pregnancy. It is a flexible, tube-like structure that connects the developing foetus to the mother's placenta. The primary role of the umbilical cord is to carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the foetus and to remove waste products from the foetus back to the mother.

The umbilical cord is made up of three blood vessels: two smaller arteries that carry blood from the foetus to the placenta and one larger vein that returns blood from the placenta to the foetus. These vessels are surrounded by a gelatinous substance known as Wharton's jelly, which provides protection and prevents compression of the blood vessels.

The nutrients and oxygen transported to the foetus are essential for its growth and development. The waste products removed from the foetus, such as carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste, are then processed by the mother's body and excreted. This exchange of substances is facilitated by the placenta, which acts as a barrier and filter, preventing harmful substances from reaching the foetus while allowing necessary nutrients and oxygen to pass through.

In addition to its role in nutrient and waste exchange, the umbilical cord also produces and houses stem cells. These cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body, and can be used in medical treatments and research.

Overall, the umbilical cord plays a vital role in supporting the life and development of the foetus during pregnancy. It is a complex and efficient system that ensures the foetus receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen, while also removing waste products.