What is the difference between transpiration and evaporation?

Transpiration is the process of water movement through plants, while evaporation is the process of water turning into vapour.

Transpiration is a biological process that occurs in plants. It involves the movement of water from the roots, through the vascular system of the plant, to the leaves, where it evaporates into the atmosphere through tiny openings called stomata. This process is driven by the evaporation of water from the leaf surface, creating a water potential gradient that pulls water up from the roots. Transpiration helps in the transport of minerals and nutrients from the soil to different parts of the plant. It also cools the plant and maintains its turgidity.

On the other hand, evaporation is a physical process that can occur on any open water surface. It involves the conversion of liquid water into water vapour, which then rises into the atmosphere. This process is driven by heat energy from the sun or the surrounding environment. Evaporation is a key component of the water cycle, contributing to cloud formation and precipitation. It also plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature by distributing heat around the globe.

In summary, while both transpiration and evaporation involve the conversion of water into vapour, they differ in their mechanisms and roles. Transpiration is a biological process specific to plants, aiding in nutrient transport and temperature regulation. Evaporation, however, is a physical process that occurs on any open water surface, playing a key role in the global water cycle and climate regulation.