What is binary fission in bacteria?

Binary fission in bacteria is a type of asexual reproduction where a single cell divides into two identical cells.

Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria. It is a form of asexual reproduction, which means that it does not involve the fusion of gametes or the exchange of genetic material. Instead, the parent cell replicates its DNA and then splits into two identical daughter cells, each containing a copy of the parent's DNA.

The process begins when the DNA of the bacterial cell is replicated. This replication is initiated at a specific point on the DNA molecule called the origin of replication. The DNA replication proceeds in both directions from this point, creating two identical copies of the bacterial chromosome.

Once the DNA has been fully replicated, the cell begins to elongate, separating the two copies of the DNA. A septum, or dividing wall, then forms in the middle of the cell. This septum grows inward, eventually splitting the cell into two separate cells. Each of these new cells contains a complete copy of the original cell's DNA, and is therefore genetically identical to the parent cell.

Binary fission is a rapid and efficient method of reproduction. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria can divide every 20 minutes. This allows bacterial populations to grow exponentially, doubling in size with each generation. However, because binary fission does not involve the exchange of genetic material, it does not generate genetic diversity. This can make bacterial populations vulnerable to environmental changes or the introduction of new antibiotics.

In summary, binary fission in bacteria is a type of asexual reproduction that involves the replication of the parent cell's DNA and the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells.