What hormones are responsible for ovulation?

The hormones responsible for ovulation are primarily luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Ovulation is a complex process that is regulated by a series of hormones. The two main hormones that play a crucial role in this process are luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. These hormones are produced and released by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.

Follicle-stimulating hormone, as the name suggests, stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Each follicle contains an egg. At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, FSH levels rise, leading to the growth and maturation of a number of follicles. However, usually only one follicle will fully mature and be ready for ovulation.

Luteinising hormone triggers the release of the mature egg from the follicle, a process known as ovulation. The surge in LH levels usually occurs about 24-36 hours before ovulation. This is often the most fertile period of a woman's menstrual cycle.

In addition to LH and FSH, other hormones also play a role in the ovulation process. For example, oestrogen levels rise during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which helps to prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms a structure called the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This hormone helps to further prepare the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the lining of the uterus.

In summary, the process of ovulation is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, with LH and FSH playing the most direct roles. Understanding these hormonal processes is crucial for understanding human reproduction and fertility.