What hormones are involved in the regulation of body temperature?

The hormones involved in the regulation of body temperature are primarily thyroid hormones and adrenaline.

Thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play a significant role in maintaining body temperature. These hormones are produced by the thyroid gland, located in the neck. They regulate the body's metabolic rate, which is the rate at which the body burns calories to produce energy. An increase in thyroid hormones leads to an increase in the metabolic rate, which in turn raises body temperature. Conversely, a decrease in these hormones leads to a decrease in metabolic rate and a drop in body temperature. This is why individuals with hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid) often experience increased body temperature, while those with hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) may feel cold.

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is another hormone that influences body temperature. It is produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. Adrenaline is often released in response to stress or danger, as part of the body's 'fight or flight' response. This hormone increases heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate, all of which can lead to an increase in body temperature.

In addition to these primary hormones, others such as leptin and insulin can also influence body temperature to a lesser extent. Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, has been shown to increase body temperature by boosting metabolism. Insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, can also affect body temperature, although its role is less direct and more complex.

In summary, the regulation of body temperature is a complex process involving multiple hormones, with thyroid hormones and adrenaline playing the most significant roles.