What happens to excess proteins in the liver?

Excess proteins in the liver are broken down into amino acids, which are then converted into glucose or fat.

The liver plays a crucial role in the metabolism of proteins. When there is an excess of proteins in the body, the liver steps in to manage this surplus. Proteins are large, complex molecules that need to be broken down into smaller units, known as amino acids, before they can be used by the body. This process is called proteolysis and it takes place in the liver.

Once the proteins have been broken down into amino acids, the liver then converts these amino acids into other substances that the body can use. This process is known as deamination. During deamination, the amino group is removed from the amino acid, producing ammonia. The liver then converts this toxic ammonia into urea, which is less harmful and can be excreted from the body through urine.

The remaining part of the amino acid, now called a keto acid, can be used in several ways. It can be converted into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. This is particularly important when the body's glucose levels are low, such as during fasting or intense exercise. Alternatively, the keto acid can be converted into fat, which can be stored in the body for future energy needs.

In summary, the liver plays a vital role in managing excess proteins in the body. It breaks down these proteins into amino acids, removes the toxic ammonia, and then converts the remaining keto acids into glucose or fat. This ensures that the body can make the most efficient use of its protein intake, while also protecting the body from potential harm caused by excess proteins.