What are the mechanisms of fruit development after fertilization?

Fruit development after fertilisation involves processes like cell division, cell enlargement, and maturation.

After fertilisation, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary develops into a fruit. This process is known as fruit set. The first stage of fruit development is cell division, where the cells of the fertilised ovule divide rapidly to form the embryo within the seed. At the same time, the cells of the ovary wall also divide and enlarge to form the fruit.

The second stage is cell enlargement, where the cells of the developing fruit grow in size. This is mainly due to the uptake of water and nutrients, which causes the cells to expand. The fruit also starts to accumulate sugars, starches, and other organic compounds, which contribute to its size and weight.

The final stage of fruit development is maturation or ripening. During this stage, the fruit undergoes various physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include the conversion of starches into sugars, the breakdown of acids, and the development of pigments that give the fruit its characteristic colour. The fruit also develops its distinctive taste and aroma during this stage.

The process of fruit development is regulated by plant hormones. For example, auxins and gibberellins promote cell division and enlargement, while ethylene triggers the ripening process. The timing and rate of these processes can vary greatly among different species of plants, resulting in a wide variety of fruit sizes, shapes, and flavours.

In summary, fruit development after fertilisation is a complex process that involves cell division, cell enlargement, and maturation. These processes are regulated by plant hormones and result in the formation of a mature fruit that is ready for consumption or seed dispersal.