What are the effects of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in air pollution?

Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to air pollution by causing acid rain and respiratory problems.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two major pollutants that significantly contribute to air pollution. They are primarily produced from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. When these gases are released into the atmosphere, they can have harmful effects on both the environment and human health.

One of the most significant environmental impacts of NOx and SO2 is the formation of acid rain. When these gases mix with water vapour in the atmosphere, they form acids which then fall to the ground as precipitation. This acid rain can damage forests, harm aquatic life in rivers and lakes, and erode buildings and monuments.

In addition to causing environmental damage, NOx and SO2 can also have serious health effects. These gases can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can cause or worsen respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. In extreme cases, these pollutants can even contribute to premature death due to respiratory-related issues.

Furthermore, nitrogen oxides play a significant role in the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog. This can further exacerbate respiratory problems and also has the potential to harm vegetation, reducing crop yields and affecting biodiversity.

In summary, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are major contributors to air pollution, with significant impacts on both the environment and human health. Their presence in the atmosphere leads to the formation of acid rain and ground-level ozone, causing damage to ecosystems and posing serious health risks.