What are the consequences of a vitamin C deficiency?

Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a disease called scurvy, characterised by fatigue, swollen gums, and joint pain.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a crucial nutrient that the body needs for various functions. It is a potent antioxidant that helps protect the body against free radicals, which are harmful molecules that can damage cells and contribute to chronic diseases. Vitamin C also plays a vital role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the health of the skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.

When the body does not get enough vitamin C, it can lead to a deficiency known as scurvy. This condition was historically common among sailors who had limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables during long sea voyages. Today, it is rare but can still occur in individuals who do not consume enough vitamin C-rich foods.

The symptoms of scurvy develop after three months of severe or total vitamin C deficiency. Early signs include fatigue, malaise, and inflammation of the gums. As the deficiency progresses, more severe symptoms can develop, such as anemia, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, poor wound healing, and corkscrew hairs. If left untreated, scurvy can lead to severe complications, including heart problems and death.

The recommended daily intake of vitamin C varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. For example, adult men are advised to consume 90 milligrams per day, while adult women should aim for 75 milligrams per day. This can be achieved through a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli, which are all high in vitamin C.

In conclusion, while vitamin C deficiency is rare in modern times, it is important to ensure adequate intake to maintain overall health and prevent conditions like scurvy.