What are some common examples of genetically modified organisms?

Common examples of genetically modified organisms include Bt cotton, Flavr Savr tomatoes, and Golden Rice.

Bt cotton is a type of genetically modified organism (GMO) that has been engineered to produce a toxin called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This toxin is harmful to many types of insects, thus providing the cotton plant with a built-in defence against pests. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides, which can be harmful to the environment and human health. Bt cotton is widely grown in many parts of the world, including India and the United States.

Flavr Savr tomatoes were the first genetically modified food to be approved for human consumption. These tomatoes were engineered to have a longer shelf life than traditional tomatoes. This was achieved by suppressing the gene that causes tomatoes to soften and rot. Although Flavr Savr tomatoes are no longer on the market, they paved the way for other genetically modified foods.

Golden Rice is another example of a GMO. It was developed to combat vitamin A deficiency, which is a major public health problem in many developing countries. Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. When consumed, the body converts the beta-carotene into vitamin A. This has the potential to significantly improve the health of people who rely on rice as a staple food.

In conclusion, genetically modified organisms are used in a variety of ways, from improving crop resistance to pests, extending the shelf life of produce, to enhancing the nutritional content of staple foods. These examples illustrate the potential benefits of genetic modification, but it's also important to consider the potential risks and ethical implications.