What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and how are they transmitted?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact.

Sexually transmitted infections, often referred to as STIs, are infections that are primarily transmitted through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Some of the most common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

STIs are transmitted from one person to another through the exchange of bodily fluids during sexual activity. This can include semen, vaginal fluids, or blood. Some STIs, such as herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV), can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area. It's important to note that STIs can be passed on even if the infected person does not have any symptoms.

The risk of transmission can be reduced through the use of barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms, which can prevent the exchange of bodily fluids. However, these methods are not 100% effective, as STIs like herpes and HPV can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Regular testing for STIs is also crucial, as many people with STIs do not show symptoms but can still transmit the infection to others.

From a chemistry perspective, the study of STIs involves understanding the nature of the microorganisms that cause them, as well as the mechanisms by which they infect and affect the human body. This can include studying the structure of viruses and bacteria, the chemical reactions involved in their replication, and the impact of drugs and treatments on these processes. Understanding these aspects can help in the development of more effective treatments and prevention strategies for STIs.