How is blood glucose level regulated in homeostasis?

Blood glucose level is regulated in homeostasis primarily by the hormones insulin and glucagon.

In the human body, the regulation of blood glucose level is a vital process that ensures the body has a constant supply of energy. This process is primarily controlled by two hormones produced by the pancreas: insulin and glucagon. These hormones work in a complementary manner to maintain the balance of glucose in the bloodstream.

When the blood glucose level rises, such as after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by body cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, for use as energy. It also promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen, a storage form of glucose, in the liver. This reduces the amount of glucose in the bloodstream, bringing it back to the normal level.

On the other hand, when the blood glucose level falls, such as during fasting or between meals, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen back into glucose in the liver. This glucose is then released into the bloodstream, increasing the blood glucose level back to the normal range.

In addition to insulin and glucagon, other hormones like adrenaline, cortisol, and growth hormone also play a role in blood glucose regulation. These hormones generally work to raise blood glucose levels, particularly during stress or fasting.

In summary, the regulation of blood glucose level in homeostasis is a complex process involving several hormones. The primary regulators are insulin and glucagon, which work in a complementary manner to maintain the balance of glucose in the bloodstream. Other hormones also contribute to this process, ensuring that the body has a constant and adequate supply of energy.