Why might a researcher choose to use a case study method?

A researcher might choose to use a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of a specific instance or phenomenon.

The case study method is a popular research method in psychology, particularly when the researcher is keen to develop a deep understanding of a specific instance, phenomenon, or individual. This method allows for the exploration of complexities that might not be easily captured by other research methods. For instance, it can be used to study rare or unique cases that cannot be replicated in a laboratory setting, such as a person with a rare psychological disorder or a unique event like a school shooting.

Case studies can provide rich, detailed data that can be used to generate new hypotheses or theories. They can also be used to challenge or support existing theories. For example, the case study of Phineas Gage, a man who survived a severe brain injury, has significantly contributed to our understanding of the brain and personality.

Moreover, case studies can be a practical choice when the researcher has limited resources. They typically require fewer participants than other research methods, which can make them more cost-effective and time-efficient. They also allow for the use of a variety of data collection methods, such as interviews, observations, and document analysis, which can provide a more holistic view of the phenomenon under study.

However, it's important to note that case studies have their limitations. The findings from a single case study cannot be generalised to the wider population due to the small sample size. They are also subject to researcher bias, as the researcher may interpret the data in a way that supports their preconceived ideas or theories. Despite these limitations, case studies can be a valuable tool in psychological research, providing rich, detailed insights into human behaviour and experience.