How does group polarisation affect individual perspectives and opinions?

Group polarisation can intensify individual perspectives and opinions, making them more extreme than they initially were.

Group polarisation is a psychological phenomenon where group discussions lead to more extreme viewpoints. This happens because individuals tend to adopt a more extreme position after group discussion than they would have on their own. The phenomenon is often observed in political, religious, or social contexts where people with similar views gather and discuss certain issues.

The process of group polarisation can significantly affect individual perspectives and opinions in several ways. Firstly, it can lead to a shift in the individual's original stance. For instance, a person who initially had a moderate viewpoint on a particular issue may end up adopting a more extreme position after participating in a group discussion. This shift occurs as individuals are influenced by the more extreme viewpoints presented during the discussion, leading them to reconsider and often intensify their own views.

Secondly, group polarisation can lead to the reinforcement of existing beliefs. When individuals are part of a group where everyone shares similar views, they are likely to feel validated and thus, their beliefs are reinforced. This reinforcement can make it difficult for individuals to consider alternative viewpoints, leading to a form of cognitive bias known as confirmation bias.

Thirdly, group polarisation can also lead to the creation of an 'us versus them' mentality. As individuals become more entrenched in their views, they may start to view those with differing opinions as outsiders or even enemies. This can further polarise their views and lead to increased hostility towards those who hold different opinions.

In conclusion, group polarisation can significantly affect individual perspectives and opinions by intensifying them, reinforcing existing beliefs, and fostering an 'us versus them' mentality. It's a powerful psychological phenomenon that can shape not only individual viewpoints but also group dynamics and societal trends.