What leads to the targeting of specific identities in genocide?

Genocide targeting specific identities is often driven by deep-seated prejudice, political manipulation, and dehumanisation of the targeted group.

Genocide, as a systematic and intentional destruction of a racial, ethnic, religious, or national group, is often rooted in deep-seated prejudice. This prejudice can be based on historical animosities, cultural differences, or perceived threats to the dominant group's power or resources. For instance, the Holocaust was driven by anti-Semitic ideologies that painted Jews as a threat to the Aryan race. Similarly, the Rwandan genocide was fuelled by long-standing ethnic tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis.

Political manipulation also plays a significant role in the targeting of specific identities in genocide. Leaders or ruling elites may exploit existing prejudices or create new ones to consolidate their power, divert attention from other issues, or achieve their political objectives. They may use propaganda to spread hate, fear, and suspicion, turning the targeted group into a common enemy that needs to be eliminated. For example, in the Bosnian genocide, Serbian leaders manipulated nationalist sentiments and historical grievances to justify the mass killing of Bosniaks.

Dehumanisation of the targeted group is another key factor. By portraying the targeted group as less than human, perpetrators can rationalise their actions and make it easier for others to participate in or turn a blind eye to the atrocities. This process of dehumanisation often involves stereotyping, scapegoating, and the use of derogatory language or imagery. It can also involve the systematic stripping away of the targeted group's rights, freedoms, and dignity, as seen in the lead-up to the Armenian genocide.

In addition, the targeting of specific identities in genocide can be influenced by international dynamics. The lack of intervention or delayed response from the international community can embolden perpetrators and contribute to the escalation of violence. Conversely, international pressure or the threat of intervention can deter or limit the scope of genocide. However, the effectiveness of such measures can vary greatly depending on the specific context and the political will of the international community.

In conclusion, the targeting of specific identities in genocide is a complex process that involves a combination of prejudice, political manipulation, dehumanisation, and international dynamics. Understanding these factors is crucial for preventing future genocides and holding perpetrators accountable.