What is the impact of globalisation on Westphalian sovereignty?

Globalisation has challenged Westphalian sovereignty by eroding the absolute power of states and promoting international interdependence.

Westphalian sovereignty, a principle stemming from the Peace of Westphalia treaties in 1648, asserts the absolute power of the state within its territorial boundaries and non-interference in the affairs of other states. However, globalisation, characterised by the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of states, has significantly impacted this traditional concept of sovereignty.

Firstly, globalisation has led to the rise of transnational corporations (TNCs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), which operate across national borders. These entities often have significant economic and political influence, challenging the absolute power of states. For instance, TNCs can shift production to countries with favourable conditions, thereby influencing domestic policies. Similarly, NGOs can exert pressure on governments to change their policies, as seen in the global environmental movement.

Secondly, globalisation has facilitated the spread of information and ideas, leading to the rise of global public opinion. This has empowered individuals and groups to challenge state authority, as seen in the Arab Spring, where social media played a crucial role in mobilising protests against authoritarian regimes. This challenges the Westphalian principle of non-interference, as states can no longer control the flow of information within their borders.

Thirdly, globalisation has led to the proliferation of international institutions and agreements, which often require states to cede some sovereignty. For example, members of the European Union must adhere to EU laws and regulations, even if they conflict with national laws. Similarly, states that are party to international human rights treaties are subject to scrutiny and potential intervention by the international community, challenging the principle of non-interference.

Lastly, globalisation has exacerbated transnational issues such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics, which cannot be effectively addressed by individual states. This necessitates international cooperation and coordination, further eroding the absolute power of states.

In conclusion, while Westphalian sovereignty remains a fundamental principle of international relations, globalisation has significantly challenged its relevance and applicability in the contemporary world.