What is meant by 'global governance' in international relations?

Global governance in international relations refers to the management of global affairs by international cooperation through rules and institutions.

Global governance is a complex concept that encompasses the ways in which the world is managed. It is not about a global government but rather the framework of rules, institutions, and practices that set limits on behaviour of individuals, organisations and countries. Global governance involves multiple actors such as states, international organisations, non-governmental organisations, and multinational corporations, who work together to address issues that cross national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country alone.

The concept of global governance emerged in response to the increasing interdependence of states and societies. In an increasingly interconnected world, problems such as climate change, terrorism, and economic inequality are global in nature and require international cooperation to address. Global governance seeks to facilitate this cooperation and provide a platform for dialogue, negotiation, and problem-solving.

Global governance operates through a variety of mechanisms, including international law, international organisations, and treaties. These mechanisms provide a framework for international cooperation and set standards for state behaviour. For example, the United Nations is a key institution in global governance, providing a forum for states to negotiate and resolve disputes, and promoting international cooperation on issues such as human rights and development.

However, global governance is not without its challenges. There are issues of representation and legitimacy, as not all states have equal influence in international institutions. There are also issues of enforcement, as there is no global authority to ensure compliance with international rules. Despite these challenges, global governance remains a crucial aspect of international relations, providing a framework for managing global affairs and addressing global challenges.