What does 'state sovereignty' mean in global politics?

State sovereignty in global politics refers to the principle that each state has supreme authority within its territorial boundaries.

In a more detailed context, state sovereignty is a fundamental concept in international relations and global politics. It is derived from the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. This treaty established the norm that each state has exclusive authority within its territorial boundaries, free from external interference. This means that each state has the right to govern its own territory, make its own laws, and administer justice as it sees fit.

State sovereignty is often seen as a shield that protects states from external intervention. It is the basis for the international legal system and the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. However, it is not absolute and can be limited by international law and agreements. For example, states can voluntarily surrender some of their sovereignty by entering into treaties or joining international organisations like the United Nations or the European Union.

In the context of global politics, state sovereignty is a key factor in understanding international relations. It shapes the interactions between states and influences their foreign policies. It also plays a crucial role in issues such as human rights, globalisation, and international security. For instance, debates about humanitarian intervention often revolve around the tension between state sovereignty and the responsibility to protect populations from serious human rights abuses.

However, the concept of state sovereignty is also evolving in response to global challenges. For example, the rise of transnational issues like climate change and terrorism has led to debates about whether state sovereignty should be redefined to allow for more international cooperation. Similarly, the growth of global governance institutions and the increasing interconnectedness of states have raised questions about the future of state sovereignty in a globalised world.

In conclusion, state sovereignty is a central concept in global politics. It is both a source of order and a subject of debate, reflecting the complexities of the international system.