In what ways is power exercised through diplomacy?

Power is exercised through diplomacy by influencing decisions, shaping international norms, and managing conflicts and relationships.

Diplomacy is a key tool for states to exercise their power on the international stage. It involves the use of negotiation, dialogue, and compromise to influence the decisions and actions of other states. This can be seen in the way countries use diplomatic channels to push for their interests in international organisations like the United Nations, World Trade Organisation, and regional bodies like the European Union or African Union. For instance, a powerful country might use its diplomatic influence to secure a favourable trade agreement or to rally support for a resolution it sponsors at the UN Security Council.

Moreover, diplomacy is also used to shape international norms and values. This is often referred to as 'soft power', a concept coined by Joseph Nye. Soft power is the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction rather than coercion or force. Countries often use diplomacy to promote their values and norms, such as democracy, human rights, or free trade, and to persuade other countries to adopt these norms. This can be seen in the way Western countries have used diplomacy to promote democracy and human rights around the world.

Furthermore, diplomacy is used to manage conflicts and relationships between states. Diplomats are often tasked with mediating disputes, preventing conflicts, and maintaining peaceful relations between countries. This involves a delicate balance of power, as diplomats must navigate the interests and power dynamics of the countries involved. For example, during the Cold War, diplomacy played a crucial role in managing the tense relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union, preventing a potential nuclear war.

Lastly, diplomacy can also be used as a form of 'soft coercion'. This involves using diplomatic pressure, such as threats of sanctions or isolation, to influence the behaviour of other states. For instance, the international community often uses diplomacy to pressure countries to comply with international law or to stop human rights abuses. This shows how diplomacy can be a powerful tool for states to exercise their power and influence on the global stage.