How do changes in government impact national identity rhetoric in Hungary?

Changes in government significantly influence national identity rhetoric in Hungary, shaping public discourse and policy direction.

In Hungary, the government plays a pivotal role in shaping national identity rhetoric. This is often achieved through the manipulation of historical narratives, the promotion of certain cultural practices, and the implementation of policies that reflect a particular vision of what it means to be Hungarian. The nature of this rhetoric can change dramatically depending on the political orientation of the government in power.

For instance, the right-wing Fidesz government under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has used national identity rhetoric to consolidate its power and legitimise its policies. Orbán's government has promoted a vision of Hungarian identity that is deeply rooted in the nation's Christian heritage and its historical struggle for sovereignty. This has been reflected in policies such as the controversial 'Stop Soros' law, which criminalises assistance to undocumented immigrants, and the government's staunch opposition to EU refugee quotas. These policies are justified through a narrative that portrays Hungary as a bastion of Christian Europe, under threat from external forces such as immigration and globalisation.

In contrast, previous left-leaning governments have promoted a more inclusive and cosmopolitan vision of Hungarian identity. For example, the Socialist Party government under Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány sought to foster a sense of national identity that was open to diversity and multiculturalism. This was reflected in policies aimed at integrating Hungary into the European Union and promoting social inclusion, such as the introduction of anti-discrimination laws and initiatives to improve the socio-economic status of the Roma minority.

However, it's important to note that national identity rhetoric is not solely determined by the government. It is also shaped by broader societal trends and historical events. For example, the legacy of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the subsequent Soviet occupation continues to influence national identity rhetoric, particularly in relation to themes of resistance and national sovereignty.

In conclusion, changes in government can have a profound impact on national identity rhetoric in Hungary. Depending on their political orientation, different governments can promote vastly different visions of what it means to be Hungarian, influencing public discourse and policy direction.