Can international law prevent the progression to violent conflict?

Yes, international law can potentially prevent the progression to violent conflict, but its effectiveness largely depends on enforcement.

International law, which includes treaties, conventions, and customary laws, is designed to provide a framework for peaceful coexistence and cooperation among nations. It sets out rules and norms that govern relations between states, including the prohibition of the use of force, respect for sovereignty, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. In theory, if all nations adhere to these principles, the progression to violent conflict can be prevented.

However, the effectiveness of international law in preventing violent conflict is contingent upon its enforcement. The United Nations (UN), for instance, plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security. It has mechanisms such as the Security Council, which can impose sanctions or authorise the use of force to maintain or restore international peace. Yet, the UN's ability to enforce its decisions is often hampered by the veto power of its five permanent members, which can block any substantive resolution.

Moreover, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) are two key institutions that adjudicate on matters of international law. They can hold states and individuals accountable for breaches of international law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity. However, their jurisdiction is limited and often subject to the consent of the states involved. This means that states can choose whether or not to submit to the authority of these courts, limiting their effectiveness in preventing violent conflict.

Furthermore, the principle of state sovereignty, which is a cornerstone of international law, can also pose challenges. While it protects states from external interference, it can also be used as a shield by states to justify their actions, even when they lead to violent conflict.

In conclusion, while international law has the potential to prevent the progression to violent conflict, its effectiveness is largely dependent on the willingness and ability of states and international institutions to enforce it. It is not a panacea, but it provides a framework for managing and resolving disputes peacefully.