Why did some African leaders choose to collaborate with Europeans?

Some African leaders chose to collaborate with Europeans for economic benefits, protection, and to maintain their political power.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Africa was a continent rich in resources, but also a continent divided by tribal and ethnic conflicts. The arrival of Europeans, with their advanced technology and weaponry, presented both a threat and an opportunity to African leaders. Some chose to collaborate with the Europeans, seeing it as a way to gain an advantage over their rivals, secure their own power, and bring prosperity to their people.

Economic benefits were a significant factor in this decision. The Europeans brought with them trade and commerce, offering African leaders access to goods and markets that were previously unavailable. They introduced new crops and farming techniques, which could increase agricultural productivity and food security. In return, the Europeans demanded access to Africa's natural resources, such as gold, diamonds, and ivory. For some African leaders, this was a price worth paying for the economic benefits that collaboration could bring.

Protection was another reason why some African leaders chose to collaborate with Europeans. The Europeans had superior military technology, including guns and cannons, which could be used to defend against external threats. By aligning themselves with the Europeans, African leaders could secure their borders and protect their people from rival tribes or ethnic groups. In some cases, they could even use European military support to expand their own territories.

Maintaining political power was also a key consideration. The Europeans often favoured those African leaders who were willing to collaborate, providing them with political support and recognition. This could help to legitimise their rule, strengthen their authority, and deter potential challengers. In contrast, those African leaders who resisted the Europeans were often deposed or marginalised, their power undermined by the superior force of the European colonial powers.

However, it's important to note that collaboration was not a choice made freely by all African leaders. In many cases, it was a pragmatic response to the realities of European colonialism, a way to survive and adapt in a rapidly changing world. The consequences of this decision, both positive and negative, continue to shape Africa's history and development to this day.