What were the key policies of Akbar's administration?

Akbar's administration was characterised by policies of religious tolerance, centralisation of power, and administrative and military reforms.

Akbar, the third Mughal emperor, is known for his progressive and inclusive policies. One of the most significant was his policy of religious tolerance. He abolished the jizya tax, which was imposed on non-Muslims, and encouraged interfaith dialogue. He even attempted to create a new faith, Din-i-Ilahi, which combined elements of different religions, although this was not widely adopted. His court was a melting pot of different cultures and religions, reflecting his inclusive approach.

Centralisation of power was another key policy of Akbar's administration. He established a centralised system of administration and divided his empire into provinces, each governed by a governor. This system allowed him to maintain control over his vast empire. He also introduced a system of ranks, known as the Mansabdari system, for his military and civil officials. This system was based on merit rather than heredity, which helped to ensure loyalty and efficiency.

Akbar also implemented significant administrative and military reforms. He introduced a standardised system of weights and measures, and a land revenue system known as the Zabt system. This system was based on careful survey and measurement of land, and it ensured a regular income for the state. In terms of military reforms, Akbar built a large standing army and introduced advanced weaponry. He also established a network of forts and roads throughout his empire for better administration and defence.

In addition, Akbar promoted trade and commerce. He abolished internal customs duties and encouraged foreign trade. He also built new roads and caravanserais to facilitate trade. His policies helped to create a prosperous and stable empire.

In conclusion, Akbar's administration was marked by policies of religious tolerance, centralisation of power, and administrative and military reforms. His policies were progressive and inclusive, and they laid the foundation for a strong and stable Mughal Empire.